Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research (JPMR) is an international peer-reviewed, open access journal.
CURRENT STATUS OF CLINICAL USE OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS AND RESEARCH ON COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST DRUG RESISTANCE
Antimicrobial drugs are the main means of treating bacterial infections in clinical practice and play an important role in protecting human health. However, with the large-scale use and even rampant abuse of antimicrobial drugs in the medical, animal husbandry, and agricultural fields, the problem of bacterial resistance is becoming increasingly intractable and has now evolved into a global public health crisis. This article analyzes the current status and characteristics of the clinical application of antimicrobial drugs, explores the diverse mechanisms and harms of drug resistance, and proposes systematic prevention and control measures from multiple levels, including medical standards, technological innovation, and policy supervision, based on the latest research results and management experience at home and abroad. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for preventing the spread of drug resistance and enhancing the level of rational use of antimicrobial drugs.
Copyright (c) 2026 DaCheng Sun; Shuang Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ALKANNIN AND ITS INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST STARCH HYDROLASES
This study optimized the ethanol-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of alkannin and evaluated its inhibitory activity and mechanism against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The suitable ranges for various factors were determined through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, the Plackett-Burman design was employed to screen for significant factors, combined with the steepest ascent design to approach the optimal region, and the Box-Behnken design was utilized to optimize the extraction conditions. Finally, enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking were conducted to investigate its activity and mechanism. The results indicated that the liquid-to-solid ratio, ultrasonic time, and ethanol volume fraction were significant influencing factors. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), an ethanol volume fraction of 90.5%, an ultrasonic time of 45 min, and 2 extraction cycles. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of alkannin reached 1.952%. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of alkannin against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 2.729 μM and 1.409 μM, respectively. Molecular docking revealed that alkannin exhibited non-competitive inhibition against α-amylase (binding energy: -6.9 kcal·mol⁻¹) and competitive inhibition against α-glucosidase (binding energy: -7.8 kcal·mol⁻¹). This study provides an experimental basis for the extraction process optimization and enzymatic inhibitory activity of alkannin.
Copyright (c) 2026 YuJin Liu; WenTing Yang; ZiYing Yang; ZiYi Zhang; WenJing Yao; Pin Guo; Ang Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPUTER PREDICTION, MOLECULAR DOCKING, AND BINDING MODEL ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL IN BAIJIU DISTILLER’S GRAIN PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES
To efficiently utilize antioxidant peptides from Baijiu distiller’s grain protein hydrolysates, this study used Baijiu distiller’s grain protein hydrolysate as raw material and analyzed the molecular weight distribution via SEC-HPLC across ranges of ≥70 kDa, 10–70 kDa, 5–10 kDa, 1–5 kDa, 0. 2–1 kDa, and ≤0. 2 kDa. Results showed that the hydrolysates were dominated by small-molecule peptides below 1 kDa with uniform distribution. Subsequently, peptide sequences were identified by LC-MS/MS, and virtual screening combined with bioinformatics prediction yielded eight candidate peptides: PYPR, YPR, DPHG, YGPR, KWY, GRLPGYG, PRY, and YPVPR. All peptides exhibited favorable bioactivity scores, water solubility, and no toxicity or allergenicity. Antioxidant prediction revealed that PYPR had the highest free radical scavenging score (0. 551), and DPHG showed optimal metal chelating activity (0. 323). Molecular docking demonstrated that the binding energies of the eight peptides to Keap1 protein ranged from −8. 0 to −10. 3 kcal/mol. Among them, YGPR had the lowest binding energy (−10. 3 kcal/mol) and formed up to 10 hydrogen bonds, indicating the strongest binding capacity. This study rapidly screened eight high-potential antioxidant peptides from Baijiu distiller’s grain protein using a computer-assisted strategy, providing a theoretical basis and an efficient screening method for resource utilization of Baijiu distiller’s grain protein and development of food-derived antioxidant peptides.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yue Zheng; WenJia Chen; JunXian Li; Rui Liu; Liang Dong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic disorder characterized by clonal abnormal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, accompanied by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins or their fragments in the blood and urine. The most important tools for diagnosing MM include molecular diagnosis, bone marrow cytology, and imaging, etc. The early symptoms of MM are atypical and easily misdiagnosed or missed, and need to be combined with several laboratory tests to make a comprehensive judgment. In recent years, research on oncogenesis, cytogenetics and molecular biology has been fruitful, and a variety of biomarkers such as microRNA, circulating tumor cells, circulating free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, etc. have been found to be related to multiple myeloma, which can be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of MM, predicting disease progression or for subsequent therapeutic targets. And with the development of science and technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning can also assist physicians in analysis and diagnosis. Meanwhile, monoclonal antibody therapies, targeting B-cell maturation antigens, etc. have also been shown to have better clinical efficacy in the treatment of multiple myeloma. The purpose of this article is to review the laboratory tests that are important for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma and the treatment options for the disease, to provide a basis and direction for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma, and to improve the detection rate and efficacy of multiple myeloma.
Copyright (c) 2026 YiFan Ding; Hu Xiao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF AN 18-LEAD ECG DEVICE'S PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY: A PROSPECTIVE PAIRED-DEVICE STUDY
This prospective, single-center study was designed to validate the clinical performance and safety of the Zoncare iMAC1800pro (iMAC-Series) 18-lead digital multi-channel electrocardiograph, with the ED** SE-18 as the reference standard. A total of 154 participants were enrolled and stratified into three cohorts: normal ECG (n=54), arrhythmia (n=50), and ST-segment abnormality (n=50). Each subject underwent simultaneous 18-lead ECG recordings using both devices, which were connected to the same set of skin electrodes via a standard passive Y-lead splitter cable. Key parameters including heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTc value, P-wave axis, QRS axis, T-wave axis, and ST-segment deviation were automatically measured by both systems and manually verified by senior cardiologists (with senior professional titles and more than 10 years of ECG diagnostic experience). The Zoncare iMAC1800pro showed clinical equivalence to the reference device in all measured parameters, with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). ST-segment elevation/depression and the maximum elevation/depression amplitude (all P > 0.05), indicating excellent consistency between the two devices in ST-segment deviation measurement. No device-related adverse events or equipment malfunctions were reported during the study. These findings confirm the clinical reliability and safety of the Zoncare iMAC1800pro for routine electrocardiographic assessment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bo Zhang; Tao Zhu; Tao Zhu; Jing Li; ZiYan Wan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE APPLICATION OF PHASE ANGLE IN POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF LUNG CANCER
Phase angle (PhA) is the result of bioresistivity analysis (BIA) and is a physiological marker. In the past few years, the field of medical research has attracted more and more attention. In the field of oncology, PhA is particularly useful because it is related to the nutritional status and cell integrity of patients, and provides an important estimate of the risk of postoperative complications in surgical lung cancer population. Existing research shows that there may be a link between PhA and postoperative complications in lung cancer patients, but so far, research has been limited in terms of small sample size or lack of standard methods for evaluating PhA. This review outlines the physiological basis of PhA, the methods of measuring PhA, and the possibility of PhA affecting the risk of postoperative complications in patients with postoperative lung cancer. This review expands the study to integrate the latest articles published before to discuss the potential value and opportunities of using PhA in risk assessment in the future. This review ultimately aims to solve the current relationship between PhA and postoperative complications, evaluate the use of influencing factors or clinical interventions, and inform the basic practice of the evidence of lung cancer population in the postoperative nursing environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 DeXin Luo; Rui Lan; ShuYu Kuang; Chun Huang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY IN TUMOR THERAPY: MECHANISMS, APPLICATIONS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Terahertz(THz) technology, as a emerging non-ionizing electromagnetic wave therapy, has made significant progress in the field of tumor treatment in recent years. With its unique low-energy, non-ionizing characteristics and high sensitivity to biological tissues, THz technology can act on tumor cells without damaging normal cells and produce a series of biological effects, such as changes in cell membrane permeability, vibrations of protein molecules, and effects on telomeres and telomerase, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation or inducing apoptosis. Compared with traditional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, THz technology, with its high selectivity and low side effects, provides a safer and more precise treatment option for cancer patients. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in THz technology for tumor treatment, deeply explore its mechanisms of action, technical advantages, and clinical application prospects. At the same time, this paper will also analyze the current technical challenges, such as the penetration depth of THz waves, equipment costs, and optimization of treatment parameters, and look forward to further development of THz technology in tumor treatment in the context of multi-disciplinary integration, providing reference for related research and clinical applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 XiaoYang Shi; ShuQun Cheng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF YIQI HUAYU JIEDU THERAPY COMBINED WITH TRASTUZUMAB AND CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Endometrial cancer is a common female reproductive system malignancy with rising morbidity and mortality annually. Trastuzumab combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy is the standard regimen for HER2 - positive endometrial cancer, exerting anti - tumor effects by blocking HER2 signaling, inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway activation, and downregulating PD - L1 expression. However, it has limitations such as severe adverse events and acquired drug resistance. According to TCM theory, endometrial cancer is related to "beng lou" and "zheng jia", with a core pathogenesis of vital qi deficiency and retention of damp - heat, blood stasis, and toxin in the uterus. Yiqi Huayu Jiedu therapy, a classic TCM anti - tumor regimen, can regulate the tumor microenvironment, reduce inflammatory mediator levels, and reverse drug resistance with few adverse reactions. This review summarizes the mechanisms and limitations of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy, analyzes the synergistic effects of combined TCM and Western medicine treatment, and shows that Yiqi Huayu Jiedu therapy can alleviate treatment - related toxicities and enhance anti - tumor sensitivity. This combined regimen integrates TCM holistic concepts with modern precision medicine, offering a novel strategy for HER2 - positive endometrial cancer, which is of great value for improving patient survival and quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 MengXin Xu; Lei Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE(MET) COMBINED WITH KINESIO TAPING FOR FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH ANKLE SPRAIN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Objective: To evaluate the effects of muscle strength training combined with kinesio taping on pain, swelling, and functional recovery in patients with acute ankle sprain. Methods: Forty patients with acute ankle sprain were randomly assigned to either a control group (muscle strength training alone, n=20) or an experimental group (muscle strength training combined with kinesio taping, n=20). Both interventions were administered once every other day for two weeks. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, swelling degree (affected limb circumference), and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot function score were assessed before treatment and at days 1, 5, 9, and 14 post-treatment. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower VAS scores and significantly smaller affected limb circumference compared with the control group at all post-treatment time points (all p < 0.001). The AOFAS total score was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (96.25±5.59 vs. 74.95±10.86, p < 0.001), with significant advantages in pain, daily activities, walking surface, foot alignment, gait, and range of motion subscales (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). Conclusion: Muscle strength training combined with kinesio taping significantly alleviates pain, reduces swelling, and improves functional recovery in patients with acute ankle sprain, offering a more effective rehabilitation strategy than muscle strength training alone.
Copyright (c) 2026 PengYu Xia; YongPeng Li; HuiDong Ding https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FROM GUT TO BRAIN: TARGETING THE MICROBIOTA AXIS FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AVENUES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with increasing evidence highlighting a strong link between its pathogenesis and intestinal microbiome dysbiosis. This review systematically elucidates the mechanistic pathways of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in PD, emphasizing how gut dysbiosis promotes α-synuclein misfolding and propagation via the vagus nerve, thereby initiating neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. It further examines the critical role of the microbiota–immune–neural signaling network in driving disease progression. In addition, the therapeutic potential and current limitations of microbiota-targeted interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary modulation, are evaluated. Collectively, current evidence highlights the gut–brain axis as a key framework in understanding PD etiology and underscores the intestine as a promising site for early intervention and the development of mechanism-based therapies.
Copyright (c) 2026 ShengLi Gu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROGRESS AND MECHANISMS OF ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES IN NSCLC THERAPY
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging as a transformative therapeutic modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bridging the tumor selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxicity of chemotherapy payloads. This review summarizes recent clinical progress of ADCs in NSCLC and highlights key design features that shape efficacy and safety, including antigen selection, linker chemistry, payload class, drug–antibody ratio, and the bystander effect. Particular emphasis is placed on clinically advanced targets—HER2, TROP2, HER3, and MET—as well as promising emerging antigens such as B7-H3. Across multiple studies, next-generation ADCs have shown meaningful activity in molecularly defined and treatment-refractory populations, including patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy and those harboring HER2 alterations. However, ADC use is constrained by distinctive toxicities, notably interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis associated with certain topoisomerase I inhibitor payloads, alongside myelosuppression and gastrointestinal adverse events. We further discuss evolving resistance mechanisms (antigen downregulation, impaired internalization, efflux transporters, and microenvironmental barriers) and outline future directions, including biomarker-guided patient selection, rational sequencing, and combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors or targeted agents. Collectively, ADCs are poised to become an integral component of precision therapy for NSCLC, contingent on optimized design and proactive toxicity management.
Copyright (c) 2026 XiangYu Jia; YunLong Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NURSING EFFECT OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE SMEARING ON RADIATION SKIN INJURY IN A PATIENT WITH BREAST CANCER
This article summarized the nursing effect and experience of a case of skin injury caused by radiotherapy of breast cancer treated with Chinese herbal medicine. Diyu has the effects of cooling blood, stopping bleeding, antibacterial, anti allergic, anti-inflammatory, reducing swelling, antioxidant, improving the blood system and neuroprotection. Diyu ointment is applied to the site of radiation-induced skin injury through traditional Chinese medicine rubbing, and has achieved good results. The patient's site has healed well and is very satisfied with the treatment effect. This ointment has a single ingredient and good therapeutic effect, and can be used by radiation therapy patients for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced skin damage.
Traditional Chinese Medicine application
Copyright (c) 2026 XiaoYan Wen; XiuLing Ding; YaLin Guo; Jin Liu; LiLi Jia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TREM1 PROMOTES GASTRIC CANCER METASTASIS AND LEADS TO POOR PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS THROUGH THE ERK/IL-6 SIGNALING PATHWAY
Objective: To analyze the expression of TREM1 in gastric cancer tissues and serum of gastric cancer patients, and to explore the link between TREM1 expression levels and the clinical features of patients. Furthermore, to explore the specific mechanism by which TREM1 promotes the metastatic ability of MKN45 cells. Method: Gene expression analysis, differential genes, KEGG enrichment analysis, and immune correlation analysis were performed using TCGA and GEO databases; Compare the concentration of TREM1 in the serum of gastric cancer patients using clinical serum sample standards and group them to analyze the relationship between TREM1 and clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients; Select MKN45 cells, silence the expression of TREM1 and IL-6 using small interfering RNA, overexpress TREM1 using plasmid, and perform corresponding treatments. Compare the changes in cell proliferation and migration ability in different groups using scratch assay and transwell assay; Western blotting was used to detect changes in the ERK signaling pathway, IL-6 expression, and EMT related proteins among different groups; Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR comparison of changes in downstream immune factors of TREM1. Result: TREM1 concentration increased in the serum of gastric cancer patients and was associated with their recurrence, metastasis, and overall survival time; TREM1 promotes invasion and metastasis of MKN45 cells; TREM1 upregulates IL-6 by activating the ERK signaling pathway; TREM1 promotes gastric cancer EMT by upregulating IL-6, leading to enhanced metastatic ability of gastric cancer cells. Conclusion: TREM1 is highly expressed in the serum of gastric cancer patients and upregulates IL-6 by activating the ERK signaling pathway, thereby promoting EMT and invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, leading to poor prognosis for patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 ZhiGang Zhai; Yuan Fang; ZhenYu Xue; Jian Guo; Wen Sun; Xiang Tang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPRESSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LHPP IN ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Objective: To investigate the expression characteristics, clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanism of phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to provide novel potential targets for the diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and clinical treatment of ESCC. Methods: The expression difference of LHPP mRNA between ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database including GSE20347, GSE38129 and GSE77861. A total of 15 pairs of ESCC tumor tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues, serum samples from 40 newly diagnosed ESCC patients and 20 healthy volunteers were collected. The expression level of LHPP was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of LHPP in ESCC cell lines (TE-1, KYSE-30, KYSE-150) and the normal esophageal epithelial cell line Het-1A. The correlation between LHPP expression and survival prognosis of ESCC patients was analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LHPP high and low expression groups were screened, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, the expression profiles of immune checkpoint genes and the sensitivity to five clinical common chemotherapeutic drugs including paclitaxel were further detected and compared between the two groups. Results: LHPP was significantly down-regulated in ESCC tissues, peripheral serum of ESCC patients and ESCC cell lines (P<0.05). ESCC patients with low LHPP expression had a markedly shortened median survival time (1.5 years vs 2.8 years), and the area under the curve (AUC) values of LHPP for predicting the 1-year, 2-year and 3-year overall survival rates of ESCC patients were 0.574, 0.615 and 0.671, respectively. DEGs in the LHPP low expression group were significantly enriched in biological processes including immune disorder, cell invasion and metastasis, and also enriched in classic tumor-promoting signaling pathways such as Wnt and TNF. In contrast, DEGs in the LHPP high expression group were enriched in physiological processes including cell junction, epidermal development and tissue homeostasis regulation, without enrichment of classic tumor-promoting or metastasis-promoting signaling pathways. The LHPP low expression group showed high infiltration of pro-tumor immune cells such as macrophages and B cells, and significantly up-regulated expression of core immune checkpoint genes including SIGLEC15 and CTLA4 (P<0.001). The LHPP high expression group had significantly higher sensitivity to paclitaxel, cisplatin, gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan than the low expression group (P<0.05). Conclusion: LHPP is expressed deficiently in ESCC and acts as a tumor suppressor gene in the occurrence and development of ESCC. Low LHPP expression is closely associated with the poor prognosis of ESCC patients, and it may participate in the malignant progression of ESCC by regulating the activation of tumor-promoting signaling pathways, remodeling the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and reducing the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. LHPP can serve as a potential early diagnostic marker, prognostic evaluation indicator and therapeutic target for ESCC.
Copyright (c) 2026 ZhiGang Zhai; Yuan Fang; ZhenYu Xue; Jian Guo; Xiang Tang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY OF THE 12-LEAD ECG: A PROSPECTIVE SIMULTANEOUS PAIRED COMPARATIVE STUDY
This prospective, paired comparative study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of a multi-channel digital ECG system (Zoncare company, E-Series) against a conventional device (ED** company, SE-Series) in a clinical setting. A total of 154 participants were categorized into three groups—normal ECG, arrhythmia, and ST-segment elevation/depression—and underwent sequential ECG recordings with both devices in randomized order. Key parameters, including heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and the axes of the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave, and ST-segment deviation, were automatically measured by both systems, with ST-deviation also assessed manually. Results indicated no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in any parameter between the two devices. Manual evaluation confirmed 100% recognition accuracy of ST-segment elevation or depression by the E-Series, with no significant difference in deviation magnitude (P > 0.05). Automatic measurements exhibited exceptionally high inter-device correlation, with r-values approaching 1 (all P < 0.001). No device-related adverse events were recorded throughout the study. In conclusion, the Zoncare E-Series multi-channel digital ECG system demonstrated diagnostic non-inferiority compared to the conventional reference device across a spectrum of cardiac rhythms and ischemic manifestations, supporting its reliability and safety for clinical electrocardiographic acquisition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bo Zhang; Tao Zhu; Tao Hu; Jing Li; JiaBing Zhu; ZiYan Wan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MECHANISM STUDY OF SHENFU INJECTION REGULATING MAPK PATHWAY TO ALLEVIATE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS BASED ON BIOINFORMATICS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
To elucidate SFI’s protective mechanism against MIRI, this study identified the MAPK pathway via bioinformatics. Experimental validation in MIRI rats confirmed that SFI improves myocardial injury by suppressing MAPK activation and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), supporting its clinical potential.
Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (MIRI)
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway
Copyright (c) 2025 Hong Wang; Liu Yang; HuaiGang Chen; GaoMing Hong; ShengQiang Zeng; WenYan Xu; Yao Hu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NON-INVASIVE PRENATAL DETECTION MODEL FOR FEMALE FETAL CHROMOSOMAL ANEUPLOIDY BASED ON XGBOOST
Addressing the challenge of limited accuracy in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for female fetal chromosomal aneuploidy due to the absence of Y chromosome reference, this study innovatively proposes a multi-feature fusion detection model based on XGBoost. The model's innovations are threefold: first, it constructs a three-dimensional feature system integrating "Z-score-GC content-clinical indicators", breaking through the limitation of traditional methods relying on single chromosomal indicators; second, it leverages XGBoost's powerful capability in capturing nonlinear relationships to deeply explore complex interaction effects among multi-chromosomal features; third, through feature importance ranking, it systematically reveals for the first time the critical roles of GC content in chromosome 13 and Z-scores of chromosomes 18 and X in female fetal abnormality detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an accuracy of 75.45%, precision of 75.63%, recall of 75.45%, and F1-score of 75.47%, significantly outperforming traditional methods. This study provides a novel technical approach for detecting female fetal chromosomal aneuploidy with substantial clinical application value.
Copyright (c) 2025 RuiYing Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE STATUS OF NEWLY REPORTED OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN EMPLOYING UNITS IN A CERTAIN CITY FROM 2015 TO 2024
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of newly reported occupational diseases among employing units in a certain City from 2015 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods: A retrospective epidemiological investigation was conducted. Data from 469 newly reported occupational disease cases in a certain City between 2015 and 2024 were collected from the occupational disease reporting system. Descriptive epidemiological methods and statistical analyses (chi-square test, analysis of variance) were employed to analyze the distribution characteristics and trends of occupational diseases. Results: Pneumoconiosis was the predominant occupational disease in a certain City, accounting for 95.10% of all cases. Among these, coal workers' pneumoconiosis (316 cases, 67.38%) and silicosis (130 cases, 27.72%) were the most common. The year 2019 marked the peak incidence (89 cases), with a fluctuating downward trend observed in recent years. A significant difference was found in the average length of exposure before onset among different occupational diseases (F = 11.41, P = 0.001), with coal workers' pneumoconiosis having the longest average exposure period (25.66 ± 6.63 years). Conclusions: While certain achievements have been made in occupational disease prevention and control in a certain City, pneumoconiosis remains the primary concern. Targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthened in high-risk areas and industries, and for specific exposure length groups. Additionally, emerging occupational health risks require ongoing attention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wei Gao; Yong Zhang; Xin Ge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ANIMAL MODEL ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND MODEL EVALUATION FOR LIVER STAGNATION AND SPLEEN DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
The fast pace of modern life has increased stress, leading to a faster incidence of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome in diseases. Therefore, liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome has become a common clinical syndrome. Animal models of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome are used in various disease areas, and numerous methods exist for evaluating these models, resulting in problems such as confusion regarding counter-evidence formulas. This article mainly evaluates the modeling methods, behavioral testing methods, and counter-evidence formulas for liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome in various diseases, providing theoretical support for experimental research on this syndrome.
Liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome
Copyright (c) 2025 Feng Wang; HuiYong Zhang; GuanLin Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REGRESSION ANALYSIS-BASED INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING MALE FETAL Y CHROMOSOME CONCENTRATION AND STRATIFIED OPTIMIZATION OF OPTIMAL TIMING FOR NON-INVASIVE PRENATAL TESTING
This study systematically analyzed the quantitative relationship between male fetal Y chromosome concentration and maternal gestational age and body mass index, aiming to optimize the timing for non-invasive prenatal testing. To investigate these relationships, gestational age data formats were standardized, and missing BMI values were calculated and imputed. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses revealed a weak positive correlation between Weeks and, and a weak negative correlation with BMI. Further OLS regression modeling revealed that Weeks exerted a significant positive effect on Y and BMI a significant negative effect , both statistically significant. Although the linear model exhibited low explanatory power and heteroscedasticity, incorporating LOWESS nonlinear smoothing clearly revealed a “rapid-then-slow” increase pattern of Y with Weeks. This confirmed the clinical observation that Y significantly declines when BMI exceeds 30. Subsequently, to determine the optimal testing window, pregnant women were stratified into four BMI groups. Intra-group OLS regression and LOWESS fitting were performed, supplemented by sensitivity analysis using 3.5%, 4.0%, and 4.5% thresholds. Results indicated that detection was feasible around 11–12 weeks for low-BMI women; while high-BMI pregnant women required delaying until approximately 12.5 weeks to achieve stable detection rates. This study provides quantitative evidence for optimizing NIPT testing strategies in clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ting Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPRESSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GLYCEROL KINASE (GK) IN ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression of glycerol kinase (GK) in esophageal carcinoma tissues and cell lines, and to explore its correlation with clinical characteristics and patient prognosis. Methods: Public databases (TCGA, GTEx) and clinical specimens were used to validate GK expression in esophageal carcinoma tissues. The KYSE150 cell line was selected for GK knockdown experiments. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. R language was employed to analyze correlations between GK expression and immune checkpoint molecules, as well as the tumor immune microenvironment. Results: GK mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly elevated in esophageal carcinoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Patients with high GK expression had significantly shorter overall survival than those with low expression. Clinical analysis revealed that high GK expression was strongly associated with distant metastasis and tumor recurrence. In vitro experiments demonstrated that GK knockdown suppressed proliferation and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that high GK expression correlated with upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules (e.g., CD274, CTLA4, LAG3) and reduced infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: GK is highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma and promotes malignant progression by enhancing tumor cell proliferation, migration, and participation in an immunosuppressive microenvironment. GK may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuan Fang; ZhenYu Xue; Jian Guo; Wen Sun; Xiang Tang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRETREATMENT ULTRASOUND-BASED RADIOMICS NOMOGRAM FOR PREDICTING PATHOLOGICAL COMPLETE RESPONSE TO NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER
Background: Accurately predicting pathological complete response (PCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is crucial for tailoring individualized treatment strategies. This study seeks to develop and validate a radiomics-based nomogram utilizing pretreatment ultrasound (US) data to predict PCR on an individual basis. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, patients diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer who underwent NAC were included and randomly assigned to either a training cohort (70%) or a validation cohort (30%) between January 2020 and December 2024. Radiomics features were extracted from the entire tumor volume as delineated on pretreatment US images. Feature selection was conducted using a combination of stability analysis, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)to establish a comprehensive radiomics signature (Rad-score). A predictive nomogram was then constructed by integrating the Rad-score with independent clinical predictors through multivariate logistic regression. The model's performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results:The radiomics signature, consisting of 10 features derived from first-order statistics and texture matrices, exhibited significant predictive capability, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.705 in the validation cohort. The final nomogram, integrating the Rad-score, progesterone receptor (PR), demonstrated enhanced performance, with AUCs of 0.749 and 0.744 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves and decision curve analyses confirmed the model's robust calibration and clinical applicability. Conclusion: The pretreatment ultrasonography-based radiomics nomogram offers a non-invasive and effective tool for the individualized prediction of pathological complete response (PCR) in HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), potentially aiding in the customization of therapeutic strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 FeiFei Shan; JunQi Sun; Wei Zhou; ChengYuan Zheng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPRESSION AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2 (HER2) AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR C (VEGFC) IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer, exhibiting high mortality rates globally. Identification of robust prognostic biomarkers is critical for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and the development of targeted therapies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) have been implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, their expression patterns and prognostic significance in NSCLC remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis using publicly available datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Oncomine, and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Differential expression, clinical correlation, survival, immune infiltration, functional enrichment, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted. Our results demonstrated that HER2 and VEGFC were significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to normal controls. Elevated expression of either gene was associated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival. Co-expression analysis indicated a synergistic negative impact on prognosis. Functional enrichment suggested involvement of HER2 in PI3K-Akt signaling and cell proliferation, while VEGFC was associated with lymphangiogenesis and vascular development. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant correlations with CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells, and macrophage populations. These findings suggest that HER2 and VEGFC serve as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC, warranting further validation in clinical studies.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
Copyright (c) 2025 Lu Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING IN CERVICAL OSSIFICATION OF THE POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is relatively common among Asian populations. Its progression can cause spinal canal stenosis and compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots, leading to neurological dysfunction and increasing surgical complexity and the risk of complications. In recent years, early identification, precise evaluation, and appropriate intervention for OPLL have become major focuses in radiology and spine surgery. Artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, has shown new potential in the detection, lesion segmentation, and prognostic evaluation of this disease. This article integrates existing studies to summarize the advances of deep learning in multimodal imaging and discusses its value in clinical decision support, aiming to provide methodological references and clinical insights for related disciplines.
Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Copyright (c) 2025 ZhongLiang Wang; Xiang Guo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFICACY OF ELECTROTHERAPY WITH BIAN STONE IN TREATING FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION IN THE ELDERLY
Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the effect of a combined therapy of electric heating and Bian stone use with functional constipation in aged patients aiming to come up with a non-drug teaching method and to obtain a subjective reference of applying the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine non-drug to treat chronic diseases. Methods: Sixty-six elderly constipated patients were recruited notwithstanding the inclusion criteria. The patients were randomly split into a group of patients undergoing stone therapy and a control group (n=33 each) using Stata 15.1 software. Both conditions were treated to conventional monotherapy, using lactulose and glycerol suppositories, and the control group also had the pseudo clinical nursing care. Moreover, the Bian stone therapy group went through an extensive course of electrotherapy using Bian stones. This system involved the use of Chinese herbal medicine as a vehicle, the application of acupoints, and localized four energy methods, including rubbing, vibration, tapping, and warming. The treatment was done as 20 minutes per day during a 10-day course of the therapy. The scores of constipation symptoms were measured in both groups before the treatment and in day five and day ten. Symptomatic efficacy and quality of life were also observed by the time to the first bowel movement after treatment. Results: The overall efficacy rate of the stone treatment group, at the end of the treatment, was 93.94% which was much better than that of the control group, which was 54.84. Median time taken to pass bowel movement was 18hours in the stone therapy group and 34hours in the control group and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Day 5 of treatment, both groups proved to have a significant improvement in the constipation symptom score levels with the stone therapy group proving better than the other in terms of the time to first bowel movement score, feeling of incomplete evacuation score, and the abdominal distension score (P < 0.05). Compared to the situation prior to the intervention, quality of life symptom scores improved in both groups following the intervention (P < 0.01) and stone therapy but not the control group had significantly lower scores across all domains (P < 0.01). Conclusions: To treat functional constipation of older patients, a combination of conventional clinical and electro-therapeutic stone therapy has better effects. The approach reduces the time to the first bowel movement by a significant margin, decreases the symptoms of constipation, and increases the quality of life of patients. Hence, electric-therapeutic stone method has unique paths to cure functional constipation among elderly people.
Non-pharmacological traditional Chinese medicine therapy
Copyright (c) 2025 Xia Li; Fei Wang; Yan Qin; Erdi Wang; Jie Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MACROPHAGES IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: HETEROGENEITY AND TARGETED THERAPIES
Cardiac repair after acute myocardial infarction depends on the precise regulation of the immune microenvironment. Macrophages are now understood beyond the M1/M2 dichotomy, with dual origins and a continuous functional spectrum. This review summarizes the spatiotemporal roles of cardiac resident and monocyte-derived macrophages, as well as their coordination in the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and scar maturation. It also outlines new therapeutic strategies targeting the recruitment of macrophages, their phenotypic transition, and metabolic reprogramming to improve post-infarction cardiac remodeling.
Copyright (c) 2025 HaoDi Fu; YiHuan Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTERAL FEEDING INTOLERANCE IN NEUROCRITICAL PATIENTS BASED ON ADMISSION DATA
Objective: To identify risk factors for feeding intolerance (FI) among neurocritical patients based on admission data.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using convenience sampling to analyze neurocritical patients who were admitted to the neurology department of a tertiary hospital in Suzhou and received enteral nutrition between January 2018 and December 2022. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of FI.Results: A total of 291 patients were included, of whom 119 (40.9%) developed FI. Univariate analysis showed that age, history of diabetes, history of stroke, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score were significantly associated with FI (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified history of diabetes (OR=2.687), history of stroke (OR=2.352), lower GCS score (OR=0.750), and higher NRS-2002 score (OR=1.467) as independent risk factors for FI.Conclusion: History of diabetes, history of stroke, lower GCS score, and higher NRS-2002 score are major risk factors for FI in neurocritical patients. Early identification of these high-risk characteristics using admission data may support timely, targeted interventions to improve feeding tolerance and enhance the effectiveness of enteral nutrition.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZhongYi Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFICACY ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSIS FOR SARCOPENIA IN PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Objective: To Explore the Efficacy of Ultrasound in Diagnosing Sarcopenia in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Introduction: Critically ill patients with sarcopenia experience prolonged mechanical ventilation duration, extended hospital stay, and increased mortality. Ultrasound is characterized by convenience, radiation-free nature, and low cost in the ICU setting; however, few studies have investigated its efficacy in diagnosing sarcopenia among ICU patients. Methods: The skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3 SMA) was calculated by analyzing abdominal computed tomography (CT) images acquired at the time of patient admission. Ultrasound was used to scan the cross-sectional area (RFCSA) and thickness (RFMT) of the rectus femoris muscle in the patients’ right lower limbs. With CT as the gold standard, a diagnostic study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in diagnosing sarcopenia in ICU patients. Results: Among the 366 enrolled patients, regardless of gender, those with sarcopenia had lower values of age, body mass index (BMI), L3 SMA, RFCSA, and RFMT compared with patients without sarcopenia. For the diagnosis of sarcopenia in ICU patients using ultrasound-measured RFCSA, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.794 in males and 0.766 in females. When using ultrasound-measured RFMT for diagnosis, the AUC was 0.791 in males and 0.736 in females. The combined use of these two ultrasound parameters further improved the diagnostic efficacy. Conclusion: Ultrasound can serve as a reliable method for sarcopenia screening in ICU patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 ShiPing Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON LONG NON-CODING RNA-MEDIATED SEPSIS PROGRESSION
Sepsis represents a severe dysregulation of the host response to infection. In recent years, the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the onset and progression of sepsis has garnered significant attention. This review outlines the expression profiles and regulatory functions of lncRNAs in sepsis, emphasizing their associations with inflammatory processes, immune dysregulation, and organ injury. It highlights the molecular pathways through which lncRNAs influence sepsis by modulating inflammatory signaling, immune cell activities, and programmed cell death. Additionally, the potential utility of lncRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is discussed.
Copyright (c) 2025 HongYan Ren; JianQuan Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LIFESTYLE AND PREVALENCE OF KNEE JOINT DISEASE IN PLATEAU AREAS
The high incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in the plateau has become an important public health issue . The unique geographical environment of the plateau has multiple impacts on the joint health of residents . Clinical studies have shown that the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in plateau residents is significantly higher than that in the plains, and can even be up to three times that of the plains. This difference is not only closely related to the special geographical and climatic conditions of the plateau, but also affected by the unique lifestyle of local residents . The combined effect of environmental factors and lifestyle has made knee joint diseases in this region appear younger and more severe. This article will systematically sort out the multidimensional research framework of the special geographical environment and lifestyle of the plateau and the prevalence of knee joint diseases from seven dimensions. The main contents are as follows: (1) Research background overview: Introducing the high incidence of plateau knee arthritis and its research value; (2) Geographical influence mechanisms: Analyze the mechanisms of high altitude, low oxygen, cold weather, and other factors, and use tables to compare data; (3) Special lifestyle influences: Explore the role of lifestyle factors such as working posture and diet structure; (4) Population distribution characteristics: Summarize the differences in prevalence by sex, age, and ethnicity, using comparative tables; (5) Disease characteristics and impact: Describe the clinical presentation, imaging features, and socioeconomic burden of the disease; (6) Prevention and treatment strategy recommendations: Propose a three-level prevention system and an “active health management” model; (7) Research Outlook: Point out the future research direction.
High Incidence of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA)
Copyright (c) 2025 JianCheng Li; NaNa Ma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0