World Journal of Biomedical Sciences (WJBS) is an international peer-reviewed, open access journal.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE OUTBREAK OF EPIDEMIC DISEASES
Climate change is closely linked to human health. According to the backdrop of a series of severe consequences caused by global warming, global public health governance has entered a new stage of development. Climate change exerts impacts on multiple aspects of pathogens of various infectious diseases, such as their structure, transmission scope and drug resistance. The severe consequences it brings directly affect the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. At present, it is imperative to enhance the international community’s capability in responding to and collaborating on public health crises amid climate change. The study takes infectious diseases as an example to elaborate on the relationship between climate change and the outbreak of the epidemic diseases. The findings are mainly clustered into eleven categories, namely evidence assessment/potential malaria transmission areas, temporal variation, infectious diseases/Zika virus, respiratory diseases, compound disasters of extreme weather and epidemics, highlighting research gaps, and non-communicable diseases and nutrition. This visualization analysis of relevant studies based on bibliometric methods provides a practical basis for improving the global capacity of public health prevention and response.
Copyright (c) 2026 RuJia Wei; GaiGai Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROXIMATE, MINERAL COMPOSITION AND PHYTO-CONSTITUENTS OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS/HERBS IN INDIA
This study was conducted to assess the proximate, mineral content, and phyto-constituents of several therapeutic plants and herbs found in India. The medicinal properties of herbs are attributable to the existence of several complex chemical substances known as secondary metabolites, which are exclusively accumulated in diverse sections of the plant such as leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. These secondary metabolites or phytochemicals contain saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, diterpenoids, tannins, and steroids, which are considered a valuable source of nutrition and also possess pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anfungal, antiviral, antihelminthic, antioxidant, hepato-protective, antibacterial, immunostimulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-rheumatic, antidiarrheal, anti-pyretic, antimalarial, anticancer, and anti-allergic properties, among others. Medicinal plant extracts have traditionally been used to treat diseases and inhibit the activities of pathogenic organisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Penicillium notatum, and Candida albicans. It was determined that all medicinal plants investigated had varied chemical compositions, which might be ascribed to the plant's age, specie, extraction procedure or processing, storage, geographical location, and other factors. This study will also provide information on emerging phyto-constituents, which can help to lower the growing incidence of antimicrobial resistance and bridge the gap between animal production and food safety.
Copyright (c) 2024 Alagbe; JO; Anuore; DN; Aliyu; KI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AFF1-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN EPIDERMAL CELL DIFFERENTIATION
The differentiation of epidermal cells is a complex and tightly regulated process that is crucial for maintaining skin barrier function and homeosta. AFF1/FMR2 family member 1 (AFF1) has been shown to be involved in various cellular processes, but its role in epidermal cell differentiation has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of AFF1 in epidermal cell differentiation by analyzing transcriptome data. We found that AFF1 undergoes dynamic regulation of expression during the differentiation of human keratinocytes. AFF1 knockdown significantly upregulates the expression of key transcription factors such as GRHL3, OVOL1, and PRDM1, thereby promoting epidermal cell differentiation. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which AFF1 regulates epidermal cell differentiation and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for skin diseases.
Copyright (c) 2024 YiNuo Feng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPACT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PERSEA AMERICANA STEM BARK ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF WEANER RABBIT
This experiment was carried out to ascertain the impact of dietary supplementation of Persea americana stem bark on the growth performance and some haematological indices of weaner rabbit. A total of 5- weeks, 60 cross bred male rabbits randomly distributed into 5 groups each with 20 rabbits. Each group was further sub-divided in to five groups each with 2 rabbits of comparable group weight in a 60 day experimental period adopting a completely randomized design. Basal diet was formulated to meet all the nutrient requirements for growing rabbits. Animals in group 1 (G 1 ) was fed basal diet without Persea americana stem bark powder, G 2 , G 3 , G 4 and G 5 received basal diet supplemented with Persea americana stem bark powder at 50 g, 100 g, 150 g and 200 g per kilogram diet respectively. Rabbits had unrestricted access to clean water and feed. Phytochemical screening of Persea americana stem bark powder revealed the presence of phenol and flavonoids as major phyto-compounds followed by terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. Average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the treatment. Rabbits that received Persea americana stem bark powder had a higher average body weight, best feed conversion ratio and had no mortality compared to the control. Similarly, total erythrocyte, leucocyte, hematocrit, haemoglobin and lymphocytes had higher (P<0.05) values relative to the control. However, all recorded values were within the baseline ranges for healthy growing rabbits. In conclusion, Persea americana stem bark powder can be added to weaner rabbit diets up to 200g/kg without affecting their growth performance and blood profile.
Copyright (c) 2024 Olujimi John Alagbe; Anuore; Daniel Nnadozie; Erikanobong Effiong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ALTERATIONS OF SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING IMO SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, UMUGUMA, OWERRI, NIGERIA
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) with alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or action. This study was aimed at determining the levels of white blood cell, fibrinogen, urea and creatinine in type II diabetes mellitus patients attending Imo Specialist Hospital Umuguma, Owerri. A cross-sectional study was carried out from the month of July to September, 2023 and all eligible subjects who gave a written informed consent for the study were enrolled in the study. The study population consisted of 50 diabetes mellitus patients and an equivalentno of age - matched apparently healthy, non-diabetes mellitus subjects served as the controls. The procedure was carried out at the Imo Specialist Hospital Umuguma, Owerri. The results of the tests were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The mean values of WBC (10372.00±3026.48)cells/μl and fibrinogen (351.67±98.20) mg/dl were significantly increased in diabetics when compared to controls (6659.20±1968.37)cells/μl and (220.99±73.91)mg/dl (p=0.000 and p=0.001). The mean values of urea (55.28±33.24)mg/dl and creatinine (1.92±1.63) mg/dl were significantly increased in diabetics when compared to controls (23.30±9.38)cells/μl and (0.75±0.37)mg/dl (p=0.001 and p=0.000). There was no significant difference in the mean values of WBC (10068.97±2817.05) cells/μl, Fibrinogen (346.36±96.08) mg/dl, urea (61.31±39.22) mg/dl and creatinine (2.28±1.95) mg/dl in male diabetics when compared to female diabetics (10790.47±3318.72) cells/μl, (359.01±102.99) mg/dl. (46.95±20.69) mg/dl and (1.43±0.88) mg/dl (p=0.411, p=0.657, p=0.133 and p=0.070). There was a significant non - positive correlation of WBC with urea and creatinine in diabetics (r=0.02, p=0.885; r=0.09, p=0.163 and r=0.16, p=0.259). Type II Diabetes mellitus is associated with a significant increase in white blood cell, fibrinogen, urea and creatinine. Therefore, routine screening of these indices is recommended to minimize diabetes mellitus‐related complication.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aloy-Amadi Oluchi C.; Osineke Favour C.; Akogu Okechukwu; Akujobi Augustine U.; Emeka-Obi Obioma R.; Chinekezi Nnamdi E. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, LIVER ENZYMES AND BILIRUBIN IN SICKLE CELL DISEASED PATIENTS ATTENDING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, OWERRI, NIGERIA
Background: Sickle cell disease is a group of haemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. It has remained a clinical burden in the world, particularly in Nigeria. Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating some haematological parameters liver enzymes and bilirubin in sickle cell diseased patients attending Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State. Method: The study included a total of 60 individuals, 30 of them were sickle cell patients and 30 were apparently healthy individuals who served as controls. 7mls of venous blood was collected from each subject using the standard clean venipuncture technique. Samples for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and total white blood cell (TWBC) estimations were aliquoted into EDTA containers while that of liver enzymes and bilirubin estimations were dispensed into plain tubes. Haematological parameters were determined using a hematological manual methods, while Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) concentrations were determined using Kinetic method and bilirubin was determined using Jendrassic and Grof method. The statistical analysis was done using software statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 and mean, standard deviation, student t-test and correlations were determined. Results: The mean values of PCV (22.17±4.35)% and Haemoglobin concentration (7.61±1.59)g/dl were significantly reduced in sickle cell patients when compared to controls (35.70±2.96)% and (11.92±1.26)g/dl,(p=0.000). The mean value of TWBC (17633.33±9859.99)cells/μl was significantly increased (p=0.000) in sickle cell patients when compared to controls (6765.00±1923.61)cells/μl,(p=0.000).The mean values of AST (17.77±12.97)IU/L, ALT (11.63±6.22)IU/L, Conjugated bilirubin (1.43±1.68)mg/dl and Total bilirubin (5.06±5.13)mg/dl were significantly increased in sickle cell patients when compared to controls (6.05±2.89)IU/L, (5.30±1.42)IU/L, (0.73±0.25)mg/dl and (1.40±0.32)mg/dl (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.003 and p=0.003). Conclusion: The findings have shown that sickle cell disease is associated with a decrease in PCV and haemoglobin, an increase in total white blood cell, AST, ALT and total bilirubin levels.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aloy-Amadi Oluchi C.; Ncharam Callista I.; Ezeh Chike C.; Akogu Okechukwu; Emeka-Obi Obioma R.; Nwabueze Jennifer U. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ACHIEVING THE 2030 GOAL OF ENDING HIV: AN ADVANCED ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS, SOCIOECONOMIC CHALLENGES, AND BIOMEDICAL PROGRESS
The global commitment to end HIV as a public health threat by 2030 represents one of the most ambitious goals in modern public health, requiring a multidimensional and sustained effort across all scientific, social and cultural fields. This study provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the key strategies, systemic challenges and biomedical advances that are driving progress towards this goal. It reviews the effectiveness of established interventions such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), while highlighting the critical role of community initiatives, education and behaviour change programmes in addressing the social determinants of the epidemic. The research also explores the persistent structural inequalities that exacerbate vulnerability to HIV, including poverty, gender inequalities, stigma, and poor health infrastructure, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These barriers are assessed in the context of their interconnectedness, highlighting how compounded disadvantages impede universal access to prevention, treatment, and care services. On the biomedical side, the study examines transformative innovations, such as the development of long-acting injectable therapies, advances in vaccine research, and gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR, that hold promise not only to manage but potentially eradicate the virus. These scientific advances are analyzed for their feasibility, scalability, and potential to fill existing therapeutic gaps. In addition, the research includes a critical review of global policies and financing mechanisms, analyzing their alignment with evidence-based practices and their effectiveness in promoting equitable access to health care. Drawing on case studies from diverse geographic and socio-economic contexts, the study highlights successful models of integration between scientific advances, robust health systems, and grassroots engagement. Synthesizing data and ideas from interdisciplinary sources, this research highlights the importance of a coordinated and comprehensive approach to combat the HIV epidemic. It concludes with practical recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers and international stakeholders, highlighting the need for sustained investment, innovation and collaboration to achieve the vision of an HIV-free world by 2030. The findings are intended to contribute to the scientific discourse on global health and serve as a guide for practitioners and policymakers navigating the complex journey to end HIV.
Biomedical innovations & global collaboration
Copyright (c) 2024 Joshua HK. Banda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSING QUALITY AND ALIGNMENT: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY ON BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
This research article investigates the state of Biomedical Sciences education in Nigerian universities, focusing on key objectives, methodologies, findings, and conclusions drawn from the study. The primary objective was to assess the quality of Biomedical Sciences programs and their alignment with international standards. The methodology employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys distributed among students and faculty, with qualitative interviews that provided deeper insights into the experiences and perceptions of stakeholders within the educational system. Findings from the study revealed significant disparities in resources, curriculum design, and teaching methodologies across various institutions. Many universities reported a lack of adequate laboratory facilities and up-to-date instructional materials, which hinder the practical learning experience for students. Furthermore, the curriculum often did not meet the evolving demands of the healthcare sector, leading to concerns about the preparedness of graduates for professional roles. The study concluded that while some Nigerian universities offer robust Biomedical Sciences programs, systemic issues such as inadequate funding, outdated curricula, and insufficient faculty development need to be addressed. Recommendations include enhancing collaboration between universities and healthcare providers, investing in infrastructure, and revising curricula to better reflect current biomedical advancements and workforce needs. This research underscores the importance of continuous improvement in Biomedical Sciences education to ensure that graduates can contribute effectively to Nigeria's healthcare landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Okechukwu Chidoluo Vitus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GEO-SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CANCER CLUSTER AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR IN THE USA
This study employs geo-spatial analysis to investigate cancer clusters and environmental risk factors across the United States (USA). Cancer is a significant public health concern, with millions diagnosed annually, and its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions and environmental exposures. Environmental factors such as air pollution, proximity to hazardous sites, and lifestyle choices like smoking contribute to cancer incidence variations. Utilizing state and county-level cancer data from 2017 to 2021, this research employs GIS and statistical modeling to identify spatial patterns and clusters of cancer incidence. The findings highlight geographic disparities in cancer rates and underscore the complex interplay between environmental exposures and cancer risk, necessitating targeted public health interventions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Mainul Islam; Abdullah Al Mahmud Ashik; Safiul Islam; Shaid Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CURRENT RESEARCH STATUS OF PIWI-PIRNA IN MALIGNANT TUMORS
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) is a type of small non-coding RNA linked to the PIWI branch of the Argonaute family of proteins. PiRNA was initially identified in animal germline cells and is essential for germline development. Recent findings suggest that beyond reproductive functions, aberrant expression of PIWI/piRNA is strongly associated with several human cancers. The PIWI-piRNA complex in the reproductive system preserves genomic integrity by suppressing transposable elements. Recent research has also demonstrated that the PIWI-piRNA complex regulates protein-coding genes, thereby impacting the development and progression of human tumors. With further insights into piRNA biology, it has become clear that in addition to directly cleaving and degrading target RNA akin to the Ago/miRNA family, PIWI proteins/piRNA can regulate human cancers through epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and RNA methylation. In this article, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying piRNA biogenesis and the latest functional insights into piRNA's role in human cancers, along with recent research advancements.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mi Meng; Bo Yu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND TRPM8 ACTIVATORS IN REDUCING THE HEALTH IMPACTS OF ETHANOL: MECHANISMS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
The report explores the mechanism of action and biological effect pathways of ethanol, focusing on the analysis of relevant literature published from 2015 to 2023. It investigates the interactions among organic acids, TRPM8 activators, and ethanol using genomic and exposomic approaches, aiming to reveal how these factors collectively mitigate the damage caused by ethanol and assess their overall impact on health. The study integrates human genomic data with environmental exposure data, with particular attention to the effects of organic acids and TRPM8 activators found in baijiu, aiming to uncover key interaction mechanisms and predict biological responses and disease risks. The research emphasizes the significance of genetic variations across different populations, which influence individuals' physiological responses to these substances while also considering the impacts of seasonal and geographical factors. By combining genomics (analyzing individual DNA sequences) and exposomics (studying how environmental factors influence biological pathways), the research offers a comprehensive understanding of gene-environment interactions, thereby improving the prediction of individual responses to ethanol exposure. The study's objectives include identifying key interactions and regulatory mechanisms among these three categories of substances and predicting the physiological and health impacts of such combinations.The analysis will focus on critical mechanistic pathways such as IP3/PLC, NF-κB/iNOS, PI3K/Akt/eNOS, and NO/cGMP pathways, in conjunction with specific genetic variants, such as those in PIK3C2B, NFKB1, and NOS3. This approach provides valuable insights for personalized medicine and potential disease prevention strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Debra Garcia; ZhangXue Feng; Io Hong Cheong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 ALLEVIATES DIABETIC VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL INJURY BY INHIBITING PROLINE ISOMERASE-1 MEDIATED MITOCHONDRIAL OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION
The incidence of diabetes is increasing, and diabetes has become one of the difficult problems in the medical field. The hyperglycemic environment in diabetic patients can lead to the damage of VEC(vascular endothelial cells) and various abnormal reactions of vascular physiological functions, which can cause diabetic vascular complications and damage the body of diabetic patients. High glucose can up regulate the protein expression of Pin1 (proline isomerase-1) and damage the function of vascular endothelium. Faced with this situation, this paper studied the inhibition of Pin1 by 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Studies have shown that 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can significantly alleviate the damage of vascular endothelial cells (VEC), and can inhibit the expression level of Pin1 and the phosphorylation level of p66Shc (an oxidative adaptor protein). It can reduce ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) level and CASP3 (caspase-3) level in vascular endothelial cells. 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can inhibit the expression level of Pin1 protein by 9.02% by activating VDR (vitamin D receptor).
Copyright (c) 2024 XingChi He https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPRESSION OF MRPL13 AND ITS PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN BREAST CANCER
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of MRPL13 in breast carcinoma and normal breast tissues based on TCGA database, and to explore the influence of MRPL13 on the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients. Methods: Firstly, to analyze the expression of MRPL13 difference in breast carcinoma and normal tissue by TCGA. Secondly, to establish MRPL13 co-expression gene network by using String database and perform on MRPL13 expression spectrum data GO analysis and KEGG analysis by making use of DAVID database. In the end, to analyze the total survival of breast cancer takes advantage of CBioPortal and kaplan-meie Plot. Results: The TCGA database showed that 43% of the 816 samples up-regulated MRPL13 expression in breast cancer tissues. TO obtain interaction pairs of co-expressed MRPL13 genes from the String database. Biological functions main focus on regulating DNA recombination and repair, transcription initiation and binding of transcription factors, and assembly of protein macromolecular complexes, which mainly occurs in the cell membrane system. KEGG pathway analysis was mainly concentrated in cell division cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The total survival rate (OS) of 1402 breast cancer patients and 814 breast cancer patients respectively via Kaplan-meier Plotter and cBioPortal . Conclusion: Over-expression of MRPL13 in breast cancer tissue predicts poor prognosis and it can regard as one of the prognostic markers of breast cancer patients.
Copyright (c) 2024 ChenWei Li; Ke Wang; QiuXu Chen; Jie Yan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH BEARD HAIR AND THEIR SPORE FORMATION CAPACITY
The study aimed at evaluating microbes associated with beard hair and their spore formation features, following the significance of spore dispersal and the trend observed with beard keeping. Fifty (50) beard hair samples were collected from adult male volunteers, who subjected them-self for swab collection exercise. Thereafter, the study employed a spread plate and spore stain microbiological procedures for isolation of isolates and determination of spore features respectively. The result showed a mean count of 8 x 10 3 , 2.1 x 10 3 , and 1.5 x 10 3 cfu/ml for Heterotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcal and Heterotrophic fungal respectively. Statistically, the counts showed a significant difference exist at 0.05. The isolates were characterized and identified as Staphylococcus aureus , Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Bacillus spp., Conidiophores spp. and Aspergillus spp. On spore formation capacity, Bacillus spp . and Aspergillus niger produced or formed spores. The recoveries of these microbes may be due to deficient sterilization and the persistence of spore. The study concludes that microbes and spores they form persist in beard hair even after possible treatment, thus the study recommends regular beard hair hygiene and the use of therapeutic agents on the beard hair to prevent the evasion of Bacillus spp. and Aspergillus spp. spores.
Copyright (c) 2024 Okwelle AA; Amadi-Ikpa CN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ABNORMAL EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA AND BIOMARKERS IN SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA
Soft tissue sarcoma is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue. Due to its large number of histological subtypes and clinical and histopathological uncertainties, current diagnosis and treatment are very difficult. One of the important clinical issues is the lack of useful biomarkers; therefore, the discovery of biomarkers that can be used to detect tumor response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy may help clinicians provide more effective clinical management. Studying microRNA in soft tissue sarcomas provides clues to solving the problem. The discovery of evidence such as differential microRNA in soft tissue sarcoma and circulating microRNA in patient serum has the potential to accelerate the transition to clinical application, which undoubtedly brings new hope for the eradication of soft tissue sarcoma.
Copyright (c) 2024 Toshiyuki Ochiya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYNTHETIC POLYMER MATERIALS AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN TREATING BATTLEFIELD INJURIES
In modern warfare, combat trauma can easily cause skin defects or loss of function, destroying the barrier function of the skin to the human body and affecting the stability of the internal environment of the body. Currently, there are various types of wound coverings available, but they have their own advantages, disadvantages and indications due to different performances. As an emerging product, biosynthetic polymer materials have huge application potential. This article provides a review on the research progress of biosynthetic polymer materials.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sarkar Maan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION PROGRESS OF GENE THERAPY IN THE FIELD OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Regenerative medicine is based on the structure and function of tissues to repair and treat affected areas . A discipline that damages tissues and organs . The emergence and development of regenerative medicine provides new ideas for the treatment of diseases and alleviates the shortage of transplanted tissues and organs . The problem . The process of tissue and organ regeneration is very complex and requires stable environment . Stable cytokine expression is a key factor in tissue and organ regeneration , and gene therapy can effectively solve this problem . Gene therapy The seed cells of the therapy can stably and continuously secrete the cytokines required for regeneration , provide a stable local environment , and improve the efficiency of tissue repair . therefore , Gene therapy will produce more ideal results in the field of regenerative medicine Treatment Effect .
Copyright (c) 2023 Navid Larson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE COMBINED WITH GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICE COPD DRUGS APPLICATION PROGRESS OF TARGET AND MECHANISM RESEARCH
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, COPD) is a common respiratory disease that seriously threatens human life and health. COPD The formation and development of the disease are determined by the internal genes and external environment. the combined effect of environmental factors. Tobacco smoke exposure combined with genetically engineered mice mimics the effects of specific genes under disease-causing conditions COPD biological effects. Check this article Research literature in recent years summarizes the application of the above methods in drug targets, inflammation and immunity. Applications of mechanism studies and their findings outline the research process of this approach. Should Written by COPD Provide reference for pathogenesis and drug research.
Copyright (c) 2023 S. Lungwitz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR GENETIC RESEARCH ON LONG-TERM EPILEPSY-RELATED TUMORS
Long-term epilepsy-related tumors (long - term epilepsy associated tumor, LEAT) grows slowly, has a lower histological grade, and is accompanied by varying degrees of glial and neuronal differentiation. With the development of molecular genetics, LEAT Relevant genetic variants with diagnostic and/or prognostic significance are discovered. BRAF Gene mutation most common in ganglioglioma, BRAF V600E Mutation into the most common form of variation. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors Common genetic alteration is FGFR 1 mutation. The most common genetic alteration in pilocytic astrocytoma is KIAA 1549 and BRAF Genetic fusion. almost all Angiocentric gliomas contain MYB - QKI Fusion. Polymorphic low-grade neuroepithelial tumors in children are often associated with BRAF V600E Mutation or FGFR 2/ FGFR 3 Fusion changes, and both changes often occur in mutually exclusive ways. Whole genome DNA Methylation analysis has become a powerful means of classifying primary brain tumors. Facilitates classification of tumors with unclear histological type.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dennis Tessmar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROGRESS IN REHABILITATION ROBOT ASSISTED GAIT RECONSTRUCTION TRAINING FOR STROKE PATIENTS
It elaborated on the high disability rate of stroke and the important position of rehabilitation robots in assisted rehabilitation training. It introduced in detail the possible mechanisms, clinical research and key technologies of different rehabilitation robots to assist stroke patients in improving hemiplegic gait, and pointed out that rehabilitation robots assist The advantages and disadvantages of gait reconstruction in stroke patients in clinical application are discussed, and it is expected that rehabilitation robots should develop towards intelligent, precise, convenient and family-oriented in the future to better assist the gait reconstruction training of stroke patients.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jinwoo Jung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DISCUSSION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OSTEOARTHRITIS
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial degenerative joint disease, mainly involving changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, joint capsule, synovium and periarticular structures. Its pathogenesis remains unclear. As my country's population ages, the incidence of OA is gradually increasing. At the same time, most elderly patients are accompanied by basic metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Metabolic osteoarthritis has now been identified as a new subtype of OA. In addition to surgical treatment, palliative treatment is the first choice, but its effect is limited. Therefore, metabolic osteoarthritis imposes a heavy burden on society and individuals, especially elderly patients. This article mainly introduces the current research status of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis, and provides reference for the exploration of related targeted therapies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Collins Thomas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN COLORECTAL CANCER
In the past decade, colorectal cancer immunotherapy has made great progress, especially for mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer phenotypes, immunotherapy has sustained therapeutic responses, and achieved significant clinical efficacy. However, most metastatic colorectal cancers are non-mismatch repair deficient (pMMR) or microsatellite stable (MSS), and these patients benefit less from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). With the widespread development of clinical trials of ICIs in colorectal cancer, immunotherapy has gradually expanded its indications due to its proven efficacy, and has become the standard first-line treatment for patients with dMMR/MSI-H advanced colorectal cancer. For patients with pMMR/MSS, ICIs have also shown potential therapeutic effects by combining chemotherapy and targeted therapy. This article mainly discusses the application of ICIs in colorectal cancer, analyzes the relationship between tumors and the immune system, and outlines the immunological characteristics and classification of colorectal cancer as well as the latest progress of ICIs in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Copyright (c) 2024 Blunk Dennis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NOVEL BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN SEPSIS
Sepsis is a problem faced by every ICU medical staff, and its concurrent acute kidney injury is an even more difficult challenge. So far, there are still many deficiencies in its early diagnosis. How to detect and intervene early has become an academic issue. hot issues in research circles. With the in-depth early research on acute kidney injury caused by sepsis in recent years, several markers of septic acute kidney injury have gradually come into people's field of vision. This article summarizes these new markers based on new advances in academic circles in recent years.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated apolipoprotein
Copyright (c) 2024 Estelle Patel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY ON BLOOD PROTEIN MARKERS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system, and early diagnosis is very important for its treatment. However, clinical diagnosis currently requires invasive lumbar puncture or expensive Aβ/Tau PET examination, resulting in a lag in early diagnosis. Peripheral blood has the advantages of being non-invasive, easy to obtain, and suitable for disease tracking and follow-up. Over the years, research has been striving to find early specific biomarkers of AD in peripheral blood. However, due to the low concentration of brain-derived proteins in blood and their vulnerability to interference from plasma matrix proteins, previous studies using traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect AD-related proteins in blood have been inconsistent. In recent years, some ultra-sensitive detection technologies have been gradually applied to the study of AD blood protein markers. The relevant results show that Aβ, p-Tau and exosomes in blood have potential application value in the early diagnosis, identification and prediction of AD. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of AD protein markers in blood in the past five years to improve the understanding of blood biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of AD and provide guidance for their better early clinical application.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fiona Gonon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THOROUGH INVESTIGATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR THE PREDICTION OF PREECLAMPSIA
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the common serious complications during pregnancy, with an incidence rate of about 5% to 8%. It is the main cause of maternal death and poor fetal prognosis. The main manifestations of PE are systolic blood pressure = 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure = 90 mmHg after 20 weeks of pregnancy, accompanied by proteinuria, or involvement of organs or systems such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and coagulation system. Clinical practice shows that PE not only endangers maternal health, but is also closely related to fetal intrauterine growth restriction, premature birth, and low birth weight infants. It is estimated that 76,000 pregnant women and 500,000 fetuses die from this disease every year worldwide [1]. In addition, pregnant women who develop PE are at increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease. Children born to mothers with preeclampsia are also more likely to develop hypertension, stroke, cognitive decline and depression as adults [2]. Therefore, early prediction, diagnosis and timely intervention of PE are crucial to improving patient prognosis and pregnancy outcomes. Relying solely on high-risk factors such as patient race, age, previous history of eclampsia, and obesity to predict PE is limited, so more research has focused on the identification of high-risk predictors. Current relevant biological research is mainly based on the pathophysiological changes of PE. The basic pathophysiological changes of PE are systemic small vessel spasm, endothelial damage and local ischemia. Its pathogenesis is related to many factors such as genetics, immunity, placental ischemia and hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction and so on. It is currently believed that the disease progression of PE includes two stages: (1) During the formation of the placenta, the invasion of the extravillous trophoblast into the muscular layer of the uterine spiral artery is insufficient, the remodeling of the uterine spiral artery is obstructed, and the fetal blood flow supply is limited; oxidative stress The stimulation reaction further aggravates placental ischemia, causing hypoperfusion, inflammation, cell apoptosis and structural damage. (2) The stage of organ damage, leading to the occurrence of various clinical signs. In recent years, with the widespread application of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in clinical research on PE, a series of PE-related markers for vascular endothelial cells, metabolism, oxidative stress, placenta, hemolysis, and inflammation have been discovered. It can be used as a candidate biomarker for predicting and diagnosing PE. There are currently more than a hundred types of biological markers used to predict or elucidate the pathological mechanisms of PE. The author briefly reviews the latest markers with clinical application potential in research in the past 10 years.
Copyright (c) 2024 Stephen Walker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SPATIAL LOCALIZATION AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF PATH INTEGRATION
In the past one hundred years, research on brain functions has continuously explored the principles of coding and decoding of the nervous system, including perception, recognition, positioning, The coding principles of motor control, decision-making, etc. are interpreted layer by layer. since 1971 Since the discovery of place cells, scholars have John O'Keefe Neuroscientists represented by the Department of Neurosurgery have conducted a large number of representative studies on spatial localization and path integration. Different types of nerve cells have been discovered one after another, and the neural network mechanisms encoded by them have become increasingly clear. At the same time, due to the vigorous development of unmanned systems in recent years, There is also a strong desire for good spatial algorithms in the engineering field. In this review, we review the current research progress in spatial localization in the field of neuroscience and discuss the latest relevant theoretical results achieved by applying artificial neural networks. In the foreseeable future, neuroscience experimental research and artificial neural network model research will promote each other and make iterative progress, and this cyclic development model will also make greater contributions to the fields of neuroscience and engineering.
Copyright (c) 2023 Preeti Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DRUG RESISTANCE AND MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH INTRACRANIAL INFECTION AFTER NEUROSURGERY
To study the drug resistance and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) isolated from patients with intracranial infection (ICI) after neurosurgery. From March 2019 to April 2021, 107 ICI patients and 102 non-ICI patients with AB detected in the cerebrospinal fluid culture of the Neurosurgery Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changjiang Shipping General Hospital were selected as the research objects. The clinical data of the two groups were collected, and the cerebrospinal fluid of the ICI patients was collected. Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility test were carried out, and the molecular epidemiological characteristics of AB were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques. The age and proportion of diabetes in the ICI group were higher than those in the non-ICI group (P <0.05). A total of 107 AB strains were detected in 107 ICI patients, and all of them had different degrees of resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs. PFGE showed that 107 AB strains were divided into 7 clonotypes, including 91 strains of type A, 6 strains of type B, 4 strains of type C, 2 strains of type D, 2 strains of type E, 1 strain of type F and 1 strain of type G. MLST typing results showed that 107 strains of AB could be divided into 14 ST genotypes, among which the more common genotypes were ST208, ST195, ST75, ST92 and ST1696, and the number of strains were 64, 17, 9, 5 and 3, respectively. All other ST genotypes were 1 strain. Homology analysis by eBUST software showed that there were 97 strains (90.65%) of genotypes ST75, ST92, ST136, ST138, ST195 and ST208, all of which belonged to clonal complex 92 (CC92) and only the gpi allele locus existed The remaining 10 strains belonged to 8 ST genotypes. Patients with ICI after neurosurgery are older and often complicated with diabetes mellitus. The AB flora has certain resistance to the commonly used antibacterial drugs at the present stage, and the results of PFGE and MLST both show the prevalence of dominant clones.
Copyright (c) 2023 Hai Huang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS AND THINKING ON HEALTH LITERACY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AT HOME AND ABROAD
This paper expounds the concept and research significance of infectious disease health literacy, and summarizes the research progress of infectious disease health literacy at home and abroad from the aspects of infectious disease health literacy evaluation tools, levels, influencing factors and intervention measures, in order to improve the level of infectious disease health literacy of the whole people. Provide reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
Copyright (c) 2023 Lin Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORATION ON THE INTEGRATION OF “FOOD MICROBIOLOGY” COURSE INTO IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION UNDER MULTIPLE BACKGROUNDS
The article first expounds the importance and necessity of integrating the "food microbiology" course into ideological and political education under multiple backgrounds, then sorts out the basic ideas of "food microbiology" course integration into ideological and political education under multiple backgrounds, and then puts forward multiple Effective measures to integrate the "food microbiology" course into ideological and political education under the background, and finally explain the specific effects of the integration of "food microbiology" course into ideological and political education under multiple backgrounds.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ramachandran Srinivasan; Hai Chunjing; Wei Bingu; Xiaofeng Li; Mansu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0