World Journal of Clinical Sciences (WJCS) is an international peer-reviewed, open access journal.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECENT ADVANCES IN CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 80%-85% of all lung cancer cases. Epidemiological data reveal global variations in incidence, with rates increasing with age, higher prevalence in males, and a shift from squamous cell carcinoma to adenocarcinoma as the dominant subtype. Although the 5-year survival rate remains low, prognosis has shown gradual improvement. Advances in diagnostic technologies, including PET-CT and video-assisted biopsy techniques, have enhanced diagnostic precision. Current treatment strategies prioritize surgery-based multimodal regimens, complemented by personalized approaches. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies now offer novel therapeutic avenues for NSCLC patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 ChongQi Fan; HuanWen Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERSPECTIVE OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA : A REVIEW
The most common cause of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is DNA damage brought on by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or indoor tanning, which alters the basal cells of the epidermis, the skin's outermost layer and causes unchecked growth.Open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny bumps, scars, or growths with a central indentation and/or slightly elevated, rolled edges are all possible appearances for BCCs. At times, BCCs may ooze, crust, itch or bleed. Usually, the lesions appear in parts of the body that are exposed to the sun.About half of BCCs in patients with darker skin are pigmented, which means they are tan, black, or brown in color and could be confused with a typical mole. It's crucial to remember that various people may have very varied BCCs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olaleye Wasiu Babatunde; Nnodim Johnkennedy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OVERCOMING OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES: AN ANALYSIS OF CLINIC PERFORMANCE AND PATIENT TRUST IN NIGERIA’S HEALTHCARE SECTOR
This research article investigates the critical challenges faced by clinics in Nigeria, focusing on their failure to maintain operational standards and uphold their reputation in the healthcare sector. The primary objective of the study is to identify the underlying factors contributing to the decline in service quality and patient trust in these healthcare facilities. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were collected through surveys administered to patients and healthcare workers in various clinics across Nigeria. This was complemented by qualitative interviews with clinic administrators and regulatory bodies. The data were analyzed to identify patterns in service delivery, patient satisfaction, and operational practices. The findings reveal that many clinics struggle with inadequate resources, poor management practices, and a lack of adherence to established health guidelines. Common issues include insufficient staff training, outdated medical equipment, and financial constraints that hinder the acquisition of necessary supplies. Additionally, the study highlights systemic problems such as corruption and a lack of effective regulatory oversight, which exacerbate the challenges faced by these clinics. The implications of these findings are significant. They suggest that urgent reforms are needed to enhance the operational capacity of clinics in Nigeria. This includes improving training programs for healthcare providers, ensuring better regulatory compliance, and fostering a culture of accountability within the healthcare system. By addressing these issues, clinics can work towards restoring their reputation and providing higher-quality care to patients, ultimately contributing to a healthier population in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2025 Okechukwu Chidoluo Vitus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPING PREDICTIVE MODELS AND INTERVENTIONS TO MITIGATE THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INCONSISTENT ARV USE AND IMPROVE TREATMENT OUTCOMES
Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are the mainstay of HIV infection management. They are essential not only to suppress the viral load, but also to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV. Consistent adherence to prescribed ARV treatments is essential to achieve viral suppression, reduce the risk of drug resistance and ensure long-term health benefits. However, non-adherence to ARV treatment remains a persistent and complex problem that poses significant risks to treatment effectiveness and complicates HIV care. Irregular adherence to treatment can lead to treatment failure, the development of drug-resistant viral strains, and the rapid deterioration of the patient's overall health. These challenges are exacerbated by various factors, including socioeconomic barriers, psychological stress, side effects, lack of health infrastructure, and behavioral problems that affect patients' willingness or ability to adhere to prescribed treatments. This study aims to address the problem of inconsistent ARV use by developing predictive models to better understand the factors that contribute to non-adherence and to design effective and targeted interventions that can mitigate the risks associated with missed doses. To achieve this, the research will analyze a comprehensive set of patient data, integrating demographic information (such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status), clinical data (including health conditions, CD4 count, and viral load), and behavioral variables (such as mental health status, substance abuse, and social support systems). The goal is to identify specific predictors that contribute to poor adherence, ranging from individual patient characteristics to broader systemic factors. Integrating advanced machine learning techniques, this study will generate predictive models that can predict adherence behaviors, allowing healthcare providers to identify patients at risk before adherence problems become severe. These models will not only predict patterns of non-compliance, but also uncover the underlying reasons for them, enabling a more personalized approach to patient care. The study will use these predictions to develop tailored interventions to improve treatment adherence. These interventions may include targeted patient education, reminders (via mobile apps or SMS), advice and support from healthcare providers or peer networks, addressing practical and psychological barriers to adherence. In addition, the research will explore the integration of technology, such as mobile health platforms, which can play a critical role in promoting sustainable ARV use. The results will provide valuable information on optimizing treatment strategies, ultimately informing healthcare professionals, policymakers and HIV management programs on best practices to improve adherence to ARV treatment. By reducing the risks associated with unsustainable ARV use, such as drug resistance and treatment failure, this study aims to improve overall treatment outcomes for people living with HIV, thereby contributing to global efforts to better control the HIV epidemic and improve the well-being of those affected.
Inconsistent ARV use & treatment outcomes
Copyright (c) 2024 Joshua HK. Banda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI ATTENDING IMO STATE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, OWERRI
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that causes peptic ulcer disease. This study was aimed at determining the levels of some haematological parameters and biochemical parameters of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori attending Imo State Specialist, Hospital Umuguma, Owerri. A cross-sectional study was carried out from the month of June to August, 2023 and all eligible subjects who filled the questionnaire and gave a written informed consent for the study were sampled. The study population consisted of 50 H. pylori infected patients and an equivalent number of aged - matched healthy subjects, who served as the controls. Blood samples were collected from the participants and analysed for PCV using micro haematocrit method, Red blood cell counts using Thoma (manual counting) method, serum iron (Ferrozine method) and amylase using enzymatic method. The results of the tests were analyzed using SPSS version 21.The mean values of PCV (31.36±3.53)%, RBC (3.93±4.69)x1012/L and serum iron (48.22±19.66)μg/dl were significantly reduced in H. pylori infected individual when compared to controls (36.10±3.37)%, (5.25±7.13)x1012/L and (79.16±19.32), μg/dl (p=0.000). The mean value of amylase (95.15±34.88) U/L was significantly increased in H. pylori infected individuals when compared to controls (52.92±11.44) U/L. There was no significant difference in the mean values of PCV (32.29±3.49)%, RBC (3.76±3.71) x109/L, Iron (45.18±17.59) μg/dl and Amylase (99.28±37.86)U/L in male H. pylori infected individuals when compared to the females. (30.50±3.40)%, (4.08±5.51) x109/L, (51.04±21.35) μg/dl and (91.35±32.15) U/L t=1.83, (p=0.073, t=1.06, p=0.297, t=0.80, p=0.427, t= 0.23, and p=0.818. H.pylori infection leads to a decline in packed cell volume, RBC and serum iron levels and an increase in amylase. Gender difference does not have an effect on PCV, RBC, iron and amylase levels in H. Pylori infection.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aloy-Amadi Oluchi C.; Ogboso Sophy C.; Eberendu I.F.; Ukonu Uche C.; Emeka-Obi Obioma R.; Nwabueze Jennifer U. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCE OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN ALLEVIATING LOW BACK PAIN AMONG PATIENTS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the influence of health education on physical exercise in alleviating low back pain among patients in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study utilized a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design and involved 170 patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Two objectives were set, along with corresponding research questions and hypotheses. The participants were selected using convenience and stratified sampling techniques, resulting in a cohort of 50 individuals consisting of 35 patients from the general outpatient clinic department and 15 patients from the spine physiotherapy unit. The group included 20 male and 30 female participants. Data was collected using a self-structured, self-administered questionnaire titled physical exercise-focused health education in alleviating low back pain, which demonstrated good reliability (0.82). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The study findings indicated that health education, with a focus on physical exercise (PEFHE) for low back pain patients, consistently improved mobility by enhancing respiration, reducing abdominal fat, strengthening muscles and increasing flexibility. More so, PEFHE significantly alleviated pain and stiffness among individuals with low back pain. In conclusion, the study recommends the implementation of comprehensive PEFHE programmes, fostering patient participation, conducting further research on long-term effects, and promoting collaboration among healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers to integrate these interventions into the existing healthcare system seamlessly.
Physical exercise-focused health education
Copyright (c) 2024 Ime M. Ubom; Richard C. Echem; Anelechi K. Madume; Golda O. Ekenedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AGE-RELATED PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD INJURIES IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS HOSPITALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ACROSS FOUR AGE GROUPS
This comparative study analyzed age-related childhood injury patterns across four age groups in selected model primary healthcare centers in Port Harcourt metropolis (mPHCs). The research design was a descriptive study. The study population comprised 50 pediatric nurses from the mPHCs. Census sampling selected all eligible nurses. A self-structured instrument, age-related childhood injury patterns questionnaire, elicited data on injury trends. Expert review and pilot testing ensured validity and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 confirmed reliability. Data collection involved self-administered 50 copies of questionnaire distributed to participants. Descriptive statistics addressed the research questions on injury types and prevalence per age group. Inferential statistics using Chi-square and Likelihood ratio analyzed variable associations and tested hypotheses on age-injury associations. Key findings showed distinctive injury profiles for infants, toddlers, young children, and adolescents, indicating age as a major determinant of childhood injury patterns. Bruises, minor burns and ingestions predominated among infants and toddlers while cuts, fractures, and sprains were more prevalent in older groups. Injury prevalence per age revealed 1-5 years as the highest risk group. Inferential statistics confirmed significant associations between age and injuries like ingestion, sprains, and fractures. The study concluded that recognizing age-specific injury patterns is vital to guide targeted interventions and protocols for childhood injury prevention and management within pediatric primary care. Recommendations included developmental screening, age-appropriate parental education, and multi-sectoral collaboration to bolster child safety.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lesi Ngozi Omemu; Diuto Akani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHALLENGES TO OPTIMAL MIDWIFERY: PERSPECTIVES ON STAFFING AND DEVELOPMENT IN RIVERS STATE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES
This study investigated midwives' perspectives on staffing and development challenges impacting optimal midwifery in Rivers State primary healthcare centers. It utilized a descriptive survey design with a sample of 217 midwives selected through stratified total census sampling. Data was collected via the validated 'Midwifery Staff and Development Management Challenges Questionnaire' and analyzed using means, standard deviations and z-test. Key findings showed midwives disagreed that professional barriers cause shortages but agreed recruitment and retention are critical, though perspectives differed between full-timers and clinical staff. Existing mentoring programs were deemed insufficient and increased investments needed to enhance skills and tackle practice challenges. The study concluded that despite diverging opinions on causes, midwives collectively concur that strengthening staff numbers and development opportunities is vital for optimal midwifery practice. Targeted, evidence-based workforce initiatives are recommended, but a comprehensive strategy must also address underlying motivational, infrastructural and coordination issues using systems-thinking. Suggestions include objective workload analysis, outcome assessments, service user feedback, and collaborative mechanisms between midwives, administrators and policymakers to enrich understanding and tailor interventions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Enyi Oronwemgbe Shedrack; Ihudiebube-Splendor Chikodili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HBV RNA AS A PREDICTOR OF HBEAG SEROCONVERSION IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS B
Objective: To study the predictive value of serum hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA (HBV pgRNA) in the seroconversion of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: 135 patients with HBeAg positive CHB patients were admitted to our hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected to detect the serum HBV pgRNA and HBV DNA levels with antiviral therapy at 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 48 weeks and 96 weeks . Receiver operating characteristic analyses was used to determine baseline and and on-treatment HBV RNA levels associated with response. Result: The serum HBV pgRNA levels at 12, 24, 48, and 96 weeks after treatment were (5.11 ± 0.76) log 10 IU/ml, (4.56 ± 0.43) log 10 IU/ml, (3.22 ± 0.36) log 10 IU/ml, and (1.54 ± 0.22) log 10 IU/ml, respectively; The levels of HBV DNA in HBeAg positive CHB patients at different stages were (5.01 ± 0.84) log 10 IU/ml, (4.73±0.52) log 10 IU/ml, (3.38 ± 0.52) log 10 IU/ml, and (1.32 ± 0.35) log 10 IU/ml, respectively. The serum HBV pgRNA and HBV DNA levels were all lower than before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); significant serum conversion occurred in HBeAg positive patients at 24 weeks that HBeAg positive rate of 71.11%, HBV pgRNA positive rate of 69.63%, and HBV DNA positive rate of 36.30% after antiviral therapy. The sensitivity and specificity of serum HBV pgRNA in predicting serum HBeAg seroconversion were 89.20% and 80.95%, which were higher than those of serum HBV DNA at 67.96% and 67.92%. Conclusion: Serum HBV pgRNA and HBV DNA levels in HBeAg positive CHB patients were gradually decreased with the prolongation of antiviral treatment time. Both may serve as a certain guiding role in antiviral treatment of CHB patients, but the predictive value of HBV pgRNA is higher than HBVDNA in the seroconversion of HBeAg-positive CHB patients.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jun Tian; Zheng Zhou; HuaLing Tan; Ke Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM STEM BARK POWDER: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE QUAILS (COTURNIX JAPONICA)
This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark powder (CASB) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails. A total of 300 - 2 weeks old male Japanese quails were randomly divided into 5 groups each with 60 birds. Each group was further sub-divided in to six groups each with 10 quails of comparable group weight. Regular diet was formulated to meet all the nutrient requirements for birds according to NRC (1994). Quails in group A (Ta) received regular diet without CASB while those in Tb, Tc, Td and Te were fed same diet supplemented with CASB at 100 g, 200 g, 300 g and 400 g per kg respectively. A completely randomized design was adopted and birds had unrestricted access to fresh clean water and feed throughout the 30 days experimental period. Qualitative assessment of CASB reveals the presence of tannins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids was observed in CASB. Average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment. Quails fed diet supplemented with CASB recorded a higher (P<0.05) average body weight and average daily feed intake relative to Ta (control), increasing the levels of CASB significantly reduced (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio and mortality. Carcass weight, dressing percentage and weights of breast, thigh, drumstick, wing and back were higher in Tc, Td and Te, intermediate in Tb and lower in Ta (P<0.05) while weight of head, neck and shank were not affected by the treatment (P>0.05). CASB can be supplemented up to 400g/kg in the diet of quails without affecting the performance of birds.
Copyright (c) 2024 Olujimi; Alagbe John; Anuore; DN; Aliyu; KI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STATUS OF ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE, RED CELL AND PLATELET INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN OWERRI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Kidney disease is a condition where the kidneys are damaged and unable to function properly. This study was aimed at investigating the status of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, red cell and platelet indices in patients with chronic kidney disease in Owerri metropolis. A total of fifty (50) subjects who were 18 years and above were recruited for the study. Twenty five (25) patients with chronic kidney disease and twenty five (25) age-matched apparently healthy individuals (controls). Samples were collected aseptically, and prepared by standard methods prior to use. Estimation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was done using Westergren method. Estimations of red cell and platelet indices were done using Bio Maxima BM HEM 3 automated hematology analyzer. This study showed that the mean value of ESR was significantly increased in patients with chronic kidney disease when compared to the healthy controls, while the mean values of MCV, MCH, MCHC, MPV, PCT and PDW were significantly reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease when compared to healthy controls (p=0.000 and 0.015). There was no significant difference in the mean values of RDW and PLT in patients with chronic kidney disease when compared to the healthy controls (p=0.857 and p=0.552). There was no significant difference in the mean values of ESR, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PCT and PDW in male patients suffering from kidney disease when compared to females (p=0.538, p=0.460, p=0.315, p=0.183, p=0.477, p=0.085, p=0.824, p=0.089 and p=0.230). The result clearly indicates that an increase in ESR correlates with a decrease in MCV and PDW. Kidney disease is associated with a significant increase in ESR and a decrease in MCV, MCH, MCHC, MPV and PCT.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aloy-Amadi Oluchi C.; Oguegbu Victor I.; Emeka-Obi Obioma R.; Akogu O.; Ugwuegbulem Callista O. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT AND THERAPY OF WOUNDS EXHIBITING COMPLEX PRESENTATIONS
Wound problem is a medical problem faced by surgeons, and the treatment of problematic wounds is a complex medical practice. With the development of medical technology, various methods are also used in clinical practice to prevent the occurrence of problem wounds and promote the healing of problem wounds. Through literature review, this article summarizes the current status and progress of the definition of problem wounds and their prevention and treatment, so as to improve the understanding and treatment of problem wounds.
Copyright (c) 2024 Medici Peana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF THE DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY-STAGE LIVER CANCER
Liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in my country. Timely diagnosis and treatment of small liver cancer are crucial to improving patient prognosis and survival rate. In recent years, with the rapid development of MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technology, it has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal diseases. Currently, the detection rate and diagnosis rate of MRI for small liver cancer are better than those of CT and ultrasound. The combined application of DWI sequence is of great significance for the diagnosis of small liver cancer. This article reviews the application value of DWI imaging technology in the clinical diagnosis of small liver cancer.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cecilia Thung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UTILITY OF CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS IN ENHANCING THE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Metastasis and recurrence are regarded as core factors affecting the prognosis of malignant tumors. In the basic theoretical components of metastasis and recurrence, tumor cell groups use the circulatory system to transport to distant organs, just like seeds spread in the soil, forming metastases with characteristics similar to those of the original tumors. The metastasis theory vividly It clarified the metastasis channels of malignant tumors and pointed out that "seed" tumor cells, also known as circulating tumor cells, are the focus of tumor metastasis and recurrence, and have a reliable basis for clinical analysis. In recent years, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as potential biomarkers of tumor biology and tumor metastasis, have aroused great enthusiasm among oncologists and have become a hot topic in tumor biology analysis. This article reviews the clinical value of circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical analysis, especially the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
Copyright (c) 2024 Joanna Byrne https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF LABORATORY MEDICINE REFERENCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
The construction of laboratory medicine reference measurement system is an important guarantee for the traceability of medical laboratory test results, and is also an important basis for achieving standardization and mutual recognition of results. Over the past half century, a laboratory medicine reference measurement system structured around reference measurement procedures, reference materials and reference measurement laboratories has been basically formed and gradually improved. In the past 10 years, the development of China's medical reference measurement laboratories has made significant progress, but the research on reference measurement procedures and reference materials lags behind. The six papers published in the special topic "Research and Application of Reference Measurement Systems in Laboratory Medicine" respectively deal with standardization of clinical chemistry, establishment of reference measurement procedures and uncertainty assessment, development of reference materials and evaluation of matrix effects, and the application of reference measurement systems in in vitro diagnosis. Products (IVD) and applications in laboratory quality evaluation are introduced, hoping to provide reference for further promoting the research and application of Chinese medical reference measurement systems.
Copyright (c) 2024 Alan Ninad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ADVANCES IN ADOPTIVE CELLULAR IMMUNOTHERAPY IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell tumor that is still an incurable disease. In recent years, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has developed rapidly in hematological tumors. This article mainly reviews the application progress from bone marrow infiltrating lymphocytes to genetically modified T cells to NK cells in MM. In general, ACT therapy for multiple myeloma is gradually developing towards high specificity and strong lethality. However, finding specific target antigens and preventing toxic effects of treatment are still two major problems for ACT.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rhian Bakker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF MICRORNA-186 IN UROGENITAL TUMORS
MicroRNA (miR) is involved in carcinogenesis and the development of human cancers. A large number of studies have been conducted on the expression of miR-186 in various cancers, including genitourinary system tumors. The results show that miR-186 affects various aspects of tumors. This biological process can be used as a marker for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of genitourinary system tumors. This article reviews the research progress of miR-186 in urogenital tumors.
Copyright (c) 2024 Karla Andrea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY ON INFLUENCING FACTORS OF BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
Biochemical tests can accurately reflect the patient’s current physical condition. Clinical diagnosis and treatment options for many diseases must be completed with the help of biochemical test results. This medical testing method has a very high usage rate in hospitals and has other functions. Testing and diagnostic methods have incomparable advantages. Biochemical tests play an extremely important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. For the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, whether the biochemical test results are accurate will have a critical impact on the diagnosis and treatment effects of the disease. If the biochemical test results are inaccurate, it will have a negative impact on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. If the sample is contaminated during the sampling process, even if it can be collected again, it will take a lot of time and materials, and may even cause dissatisfaction among patients. Although overall, all major medical institutions in my country have a complete and strict set of quality control measures when conducting biochemical tests, it is undeniable that there are still many biochemical test quality risks. To this end, we must start from all aspects to strengthen the management of biochemical test quality and eliminate all interference factors that may adversely affect the biochemical test results. This article reviews research on factors that may affect biochemical test results.
Copyright (c) 2024 Linda Neves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CLINICAL APPLICATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT OF INFUSION PUMPS
As one of the commonly used clinical medical instruments, the infusion pump provides convenience for clinical treatment. At the same time, there are also many risk factors that endanger the patient's condition. Therefore, this study takes infusion pumps as the object, analyzes the clinical application and risk management research progress of infusion pumps, and provides basis and reference for clinical treatment.
Copyright (c) 2023 Robison Barranday https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF TYPE Ⅲ CONGENITAL ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA COMPLICATED WITH TRACHEOMALACIA
To explore the type Ⅲ congenital esophageal atresia (c ongenital esophageal atresia, CEA) Combined tracheomalacia (tra- cheomalacia, TM) Early diagnosis method and clinical outcome, providing clinical diagnosis and treatment experience for CEA combined with TM. This article collects from November 2019 to 2020 Year In September, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center was admitted to the Neonatal Surgery Intensive Care Unit and underwent electronic bronchial surgery before operation. Clinical data of patients with type Ⅲ CEA examined by endoscopy, 15 patients who underwent electronic bronchoscopy before and after esophageal repair Airway assessment results and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. 15 male 12 Example, female 3 example; Gestational age at birth (34 ~ 40.6) weeks, the median gestational age at birth was 38.3 week; 7 Case (46.7%) Esophageal stricture present, 5 example(33.3 %) Imaging studies suggest gastroesophageal reflex stream; 14 cases (93.3%) Combined TM (2 cases were mild, 10 For moderate, 2 For example, severe), 8 Postoperative 1 monthly reassessment tm Comparing More obvious before, 3 cases were moderate TM, 5 cases were severe TM. 4 cases (26.67%) Postoperative asymptomatic; 11 example(73.33%) manifested as phlegm, choking Cough, cyanosis, shortness of breath, milk refusal, suffocation, etc. 2 cases of suffocation after eating were successfully rescued. During the follow-up period, there was no recurrence of esophagotracheal fistula. No anastomotic leak and hiatal hernia occurred. TM is a common complication of CEA and is Occurrence of respiratory tract-related symptoms after CEA surgery An important reason for the high rate, electronic bronchoscopy can diagnose and evaluate TM early to guide clinical treatment. TM can cause life-threatening In case of incidents, long-term respiratory follow-up is recommended for timely treatment.
Copyright (c) 2023 Enrique Magana; Shaonian Zhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID -19
COVID-19 Since the outbreak in 2019, it has seriously affected global public health and is still epidemic in many countries. This review was approved by NCBI, CNKI, Web Search COVID-19 related literature in of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and official reports to summarize and systematically explain the current COVID-19 genome characteristics. Research progress and existing deficiencies on the points, infection mechanism, and clinical characteristics, in order to provide new ideas and valuable reference materials for COVID -19 research and prevention and control.
Copyright (c) 2023 Melanie C. Alden https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR DRY EYE DISEASE
In recent years, with the continuous development of information technology, people are generally overtired when using their eyes, so that the incidence of dry eye syndrome continues to increase, which has a great impact on patients' daily life. Life and work have had varying degrees of negative impact. Dry eye syndrome is a common ocular surface disease in clinical practice. At present, clinical medicine has developed a variety of treatments. Treatment methods and methods. Based on this, this article summarizes the research progress of physical therapy for dry eye disease, and analyzes the fumigation, atomization, eye massage, hot compress, wet room The effectiveness of traditional physical methods such as lenses in treating dry eye disease, With new bandage lenses and scleral contact lenses, LipiFlow thermal pulsation therapy, intense pulsed light therapy. The therapeutic effects of modern physical methods such as wet chamber heating goggles are hoped to serve as a reference for research in this field.
Copyright (c) 2023 Christine Sharp https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REFLUX IN THE ELDERLY ESOPHAGUS CLINICAL INFLAMMATION RESEARCH STUDY ENTER EXHIBITION
Reflux esophagitis (RE) in the elderly It is a digestive tract dysfunction disease characterized by acid reflux and heartburn, which seriously affects the elderly. patient's quality of life. In recent years, research on gastroesophageal reflux disease has continued to deepen, making the elderly RE also received widespread attention. This article will start from the elderly RE The pathogenesis, Western medicine treatment and traditional Chinese medicine treatment are reviewed to improve the clinical understanding of the elderly re-understanding.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nancy Gange https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON BREAST RECONSTRUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer patients plays an important role in improving the patient's quality of life. This article examines the cognition, attitude, and behavior of breast cancer patients regarding breast reconstruction. The current situation, influencing factors and improvement strategies are reviewed. Influencing factors include demographic factors (Age, place of residence, education level, occupation, marital status, family family financial status, health insurance type, race/ethnicity), clinical factors (cancer stage, whether received radiation therapy, quality of life, type of mastectomy), patients lack knowledge about breast reconstruction knowledge (Weak awareness of breast reconstruction and insufficient preoperative education), the countermeasures mainly include standardizing and popularizing multi-level education on breast reconstruction, establishing a correct understanding of breast reconstruction among patients, and strengthening social Support and formulate relevant policies to promote breast reconstruction, aiming to promote the knowledge, belief and practice of breast reconstruction among breast cancer patients in China and provide a basis for research.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kathleen Hessol https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON CLINICAL APPLICATION AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF TOPIRAMATE
Topiramate is a broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug (anti-epileptic drugs, AED) with multiple mechanisms of action, which is widely used in the treatment of various types of epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes. How to correctly select effective AEDs and balance the relationship between drug efficacy and adverse reactions has always been a key issue in clinical practice. This article describes the research progress of topiramate's clinical application, mechanism and safety management, including cognitive impairment, nephrolithiasis and sudomotor dysfunction. This article reviews the research progress on the clinical application and safety management of topiramate, including cognitive impairment, kidney stones and sudomotor dysfunction.
Copyright (c) 2023 Zhuqing Sha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0