INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE UTILIZATION OF PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS FOR EVALUATING NEURODEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY
Keywords:
Stem cells, Nerve, Neurodevelopment, Toxicity modelAbstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells are a cell type similar to embryonic stem cells obtained by inducing mature somatic cells to express specific genes [1]. Both iPSCs and ESCs have the ability of unlimited proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation in vitro, and both play important roles in drug screening, cell therapy, etc. However, iPSCs come from a wide range of sources and are easy to obtain, and their acquisition can avoid medical ethical issues. Traditional developmental toxicity research methods not only require a large number of experimental animals, but also have long experimental cycles, cumbersome operations, and species differences. In 1981, Evans and Kaufman [2] first obtained mouse ESCs from the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts. In 1997, Spielmann et al. [3] established an in vitro alternative model "embryonic stem cell test" by using the characteristics of mouse ESCs to differentiate into the three germ layers, and it became a classic method for in vitro developmental toxicity research. Subsequently, human ESCs and human iPSCs were obtained and used in in vitro surrogate models of developmental toxicity. The application of these human cells solved the problem of species differences [4-6]. The in vitro developmental toxicity model was initially used to evaluate the toxic effects of chemicals through the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into myocardium. Later, the products of differentiation into other lineages were gradually applied to this model.References
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