THE IMPACT OF GOAL-SETTING TRAINING INTERVENTION PROGRAM ON FOOTBALL SHOOTING COMPETENCIES AMONG STUDENTS AT THE BAYELSA STATE SPORTS ACADEMY
Keywords:
Goal-setting training, Football shooting competencies, Sports academies, Gender differencesAbstract
This study investigates the impact of goal-setting training on football shooting competencies among students at Bayelsa State Sports Academy, focusing on both gender differences and overall effectiveness. A total of 42 student-athletes (21 males and 21 females) participated in a pre-test and post-test design. The goal-setting intervention resulted in a significant improvement in football shooting skills, with the pre-test mean score increasing from 4.08 to 13.03 in the post-test, reflecting a mean difference of 8.95 (p < 0.05). Both male and female participants showed substantial improvements, with female participants experiencing a mean increase of 8.88 and males 8.83. ANCOVA results indicated that the training had a significant effect on shooting competencies (F(1, 38) = 1.484, p < 0.05), with a partial eta squared value of 0.309, suggesting a large effect size. Gender did not significantly impact the intervention’s effectiveness, though the small effect size (0.051) for gender suggests a moderate but not large difference. The findings underscore the positive effect of goal-setting training on enhancing football shooting competencies and suggest its potential application in sports academies to improve athletic performance. Recommendations include integrating goal-setting techniques into regular sports training programs and further exploration of the gender dynamics in sports interventions.References
[1] Locke E A, Latham G P. A theory of goal setting and task performance. Prentice Hall, 1990.
[2] Bailey R, Collins D, Ford P, et al. Talent development in sport: A holistic and ecological approach. Routledge, 2023.
[3] Ali A. Measuring soccer skill performance: A review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2011, 21(2): 170–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01256.x.
[4] FIFA. Laws of the Game, 2010. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from www.FIFA.com
[5] Shan G. Soccer scoring techniques: How much do we know them biomechanically?—A state-of-the-art review. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(21): 10886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110886.
[6] Jinshen A X, Xioke C, Yamonakak K, et al. Analysis of the goals in the 14th World Cup. In T. Reilly, A. Leeds, K. Davids, & W. J. Murphy (Eds.), Science and football. London: E & FN Spon, 1993: 203–205.
[7] Mielke D. Football basics. Bandung: Raya Expert, 2007.
[8] Batry E C. Latihan metode baru sepakbola penyerangan. Bandung: Pioner Jaya, 2005.
[9] Russell M, Benton D, Kingsley M. The effects of fatigue on soccer skills performed during a soccer match simulation. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2011,6(2): 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.2.221
[10] Amasiatu A N. An examination on the empirical test of the theory on goal-setting on sports performance. Journal of Education in Developing Areas, 2006, 15(1): 218–229.
[11] Elendu I C. Fundamentals of research and statistics for students in human kinetics and other education disciplines. Port Harcourt, Nigeria: The Glory of the Latter House Publishing Company, 2010.
[12] Locke E A, Latham G P. Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 2002, 57(9): 705–717.
[13] Schunk D H. Self-efficacy and school motivation. In D. M. McInerney & S. Van Etten (Eds.), Research on sociocultural influences on motivation and learning . Information Age Publishing, 2003: 31–58.
[14] Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman, 1997.
[15] Zimmerman B J. Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation . Academic Press, 2000: 13–39.