RESEARCH PROGRESS ON KEY MECHANISMS AND TARGETS FOR THE NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND CANCER
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, Cancer, P53, Pinl: Wnt signalling pathway, MiRNAAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer are both age-related diseases whose incidence and prevalence increase exponentially as the population ages, and which are the leading causes of disability and death, respectively, as well as the most significant threat to human health. It has been observed in more than 10 epidemiological studies that patients with a past history of cancer have a lower risk of developing AD, and that patients with AD have a lower risk of developing cancer in the future. The risk of developing cancer in the future is even lower in patients with AD. AD is mainly caused by irreversible degeneration and death of neurons, whereas cancer is characterised by excessive cell proliferation. The two diseases may share common gene and protein signalling pathways, but they are regulated in different and sometimes opposite directions. In this paper, we provide a review of the possible key mechanisms and targets of AD negatively associated with cancer.References
[1] Qin Z, Luo J, VandeVrede L, et al. Design and synthesis of neuroprotective methylthiazoles and modification as NO-chimeras for neurodegeneratve therapy. J Med Chem, 2012, 55(15): 6784-801.
[2] Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev, 2001, 81(2): 741-66.
[3] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021.
[4] Rogers NK, Romero C, SanMartín CD, et al. Inverse Relationship Between Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer: How Immune Checkpoints Might Explain the Mechanisms Underlying Age-Related Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis, 2020, 73(2): 443-454.
[5] Rojas NG, Cesarini M, Etcheverry JL, et al. Neurodegenerative diseases and cancer: sharing common mechanisms in complex interactions. J Integr Neurosci, 2020, 19(1): 187-199.
[6] Ospina-Romero M, Abdiwahab E, Kobayashi L, et al. Rate of Memory Change Before and After Cancer Diagnosis. JAMA Netw Open, 2019, 2(6): e196160.
[7] Frain L, Swanson D, Cho K,et al. Association of cancer and Alzheimer's disease risk in a national cohort of veterans. Alzheimers Dement, 2017, 13(12): 1364-1370.
[8] Nudelman KN, Risacher SL, West JD, et al. Association of cancer history with Alzheimer's disease onset and structural brain changes. Front Physiol, 2014, 5: 423.
[9] Catalá-López F, Suárez-Pinilla M, Suárez-Pinilla P, et al. Inverse and direct cancer comorbidity in people with central nervous system disorders: a meta-analysis of cancer incidence in 577, 013 participants of 50 observational studies. Psychother Psychosom, 2014, 83(2): 89-105.
[10] White RS, Lipton RB, Hall CB, et al. Nonmelanoma skin cancer is associated with reduced Alzheimer disease risk. Neurology, 2013, 80(21): 1966-72.
[11] Ou SM, Lee YJ, Hu YW, et al. Does Alzheimer's disease protect against cancers? A nationwide population-based study. Neuroepidemiology, 2013, 40(1): 42-9.
[12] Musicco M, Adorni F, Di Santo S, et al. Inverse occurrence of cancer and Alzheimer disease: a population-based incidence study. Neurology, 2013, 81(4): 322-8.
[13] Roe CM, Fitzpatrick AL, Xiong C, et al. Cancer linked to Alzheimer disease but not vascular dementia. Neurology, 2010, 74(2): 106-12.
[14] Attner B, Lithman T, Noreen D, et al. Low cancer rates among patients with dementia in a population-based register study in Sweden. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2010, 30(1): 39-42.
[15] Roe CM, Behrens MI, Xiong C, et al. Alzheimer disease and cancer. Neurology, 2005, 64(5): 895-8.
[16] Holohan KN, Lahiri DK, Schneider BP, et al. Functional microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and cancer: differential regulation of common mechanisms and pathways. Front Genet, 2012, 3: 323.
[17] Nixon DW. The Inverse Relationship Between Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Mechanism. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2017, 14(8): 883-893.
[18] Battaglia C, Venturin M, Sojic A, et al. Candidate Genes and MiRNAs Linked to the Inverse Relationship Between Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From Data Mining and Enrichment Analysis. Front Genet, 2019, 10:846.
[19] Driver JA, Lu KP. Pin1: a new genetic link between Alzheimer's disease, cancer and aging. Curr Aging Sci, 2010, 3(3): 158-65.
[20] Hafner A, Bulyk ML, Jambhekar A, et al. The multiple mechanisms that regulate p53 activity and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2019, 20(4): 199-210.
[21] Houck AL, Seddighi S, Driver JA. At the Crossroads Between Neurodegeneration and Cancer: A Review of Overlapping Biology and Its Implications. Curr Aging Sci, 2018, 11(2): 77-89.
[22] De la Monte SM, Sohn YK, Ganju N, et al. P53- and CD95-associated apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Lab Invest, 1998, 78(4): 401-11.
[23] Lu KP. Pinning down cell signaling, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Trends Biochem Sci, 2004, 29(4): 200-9.
[24] Yaffe MB, Schutkowski M, Shen M, et al. Sequence-specific and phosphorylation-dependent proline isomerization: a potential mitotic regulatory mechanism. Science, 1997, 278(5345): 1957-60.
[25] Dong Z, Xu M, Sun X, et al. Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis reveal an inverse causal relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. J Transl Med, 2023, 21(1): 527.
[26] Gholamzadeh Khoei S, Saidijam M, Amini R, et al. Impact of PIN1 Inhibition on Tumor Progression and Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer, 2021.
[27] Liou YC, Ryo A, Huang HK, et al. Loss of Pin1 function in the mouse causes phenotypes resembling cyclin D1-null phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002, 99(3): 1335-40.
[28] Chuang HH, Zhen YY, Tsai YC, et al. Targeting Pin1 for Modulation of Cell Motility and Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines, 2021, 9(4).
[29] Rustighi A, Zannini A, Campaner E, et al. PIN1 in breast development and cancer: a clinical perspective. Cell Death Differ, 2017, 24(2): 200-211.