Author(s)

YiZhi Wang^1*, You Wang², YanRan Zhao²

Affiliation(s)

¹Hefei No. 8 Middle School, Hefei 230088, Anhui, China.

²Beauty of Science, Anhui Xinzhi Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230051, Anhui, China.

Corresponding Author

YiZhi Wang

ABSTRACT

This research focuses on the fundamental study of gallium-based liquid metal flexible robots. First, the composition and ratio of the alloy were determined, and a gallium-indium alloy liquid metal suitable for flexible robots was successfully fabricated. The research conducts experimental studies on the morphological changes and movement of liquid metal under electric field control. Quantitative conclusions were drawn, revealing that the deformation speed is proportional to the applied voltage, with a stable deformation region around 40 seconds. Once the electric field is removed, the deformation is reversible, and the recovery speed is consistent. Lastly, qualitative research examined the effects of conductive and non-conductive substrates on liquid metal deformation and movement, considering factors such as charge polarity and the surface oxide film. On non-conductive substrates, the deformation is reversible and moves towards the positive electrode, whereas on conductive substrates, the deformation is irreversible and moves towards the negative electrode.

KEYWORDS

Gallium-based liquid metal; Flexible robots; Electric field control; Substrates; Amoeba-like deformation; Controllable deformation

CITE THIS PAPER

YiZhi Wang, You Wang, YanRan Zhao. Fundamental research on gallium-based liquid metal flexible robots. World Journal of Materials Science.  2026, 4(1): 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61784/wjms3012.

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